Cabassous squamicaudis
Authors/Creators
- 1. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10001, China. andefeijo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4643 - 2293;
- 2. Coordenação de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Caixa Postal 08, 78690 - 000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Description
Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845)
Cerrado naked-tailed armadillo
D [asypus]. gymnurus: Wied-Neuwied, 1826:529. Not Tatus gymnurus Olfers, 1818:220; name not available from Illiger (1815).
X [enurus]. squamicaudis Lund, 1843:lxxxiv (preprint of 1845a:lxxxiv). Nomen nudum.
X [enurus]. squamicaudis Lund, 1845b:35 (preprint of 1846:93, Tab. L., Figs. 3 & 5). Wetzel et al. (2008) listed the type locality as “Rio das Velhas Floddal”, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Dasypus hispidus Burmeister, 1854:287. Type locality “Lagoa Santa”, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Dasypus loricatus J. A. Wagner, 1855:174. Cited as “ Dasypus loricatus Natt. in mscrpt.” in synonymy; and equated with “ D. gymnurus Ill [iger]” on page 175.
Xenurus hispidus: Gray, 1865:378. Name combination.
Xenurus loricatus: Fitzinger, 1871:239. Name combination.
Xenurus latirostris Gray, 1873:22. Type locality “ Brazils, St. Catherines ”.
[Lysiurus (Lysiurus)] latirostris: Trouessart, 1898:1147. Name combination.
[Lysiurus (Lysiurus)] loricatus: Trouessart, 1898:1147. Name combination.
[Lysiurus (Lysiurus)] hispidus: Trouessart, 1898:1147. Name combination.
Tatoua (Tatoua) hispida: Miller, 1899:5. Name combination.
C [abassous]. loricatus: Palmer, 1899:72. Name combination.
C [abassous]. hispidus: Palmer, 1899:72. Name combination.
[Cabassus (Cabassus)] latirostris: Trouessart, 1905:820. Name combination.
[Cabassus (Cabassus)] loricatus: Trouessart, 1905:820. Name combination.
Lysiurus hispidus: Cabrera, 1917:59. Name combination.
Cabassous lugubris: Talmage & Buchanan, 1954:77. Part; not Ziphila lugubris Gray, 1873:23.
Cabassous squamicaudis: Paula-Couto, 1950:537. Name combination.
C [abassous]. u [nicinctus]. squamicaudis: Wetzel, 1980:323. Name combination.
Type material. Among the material collected by Lund from Lagoa Santa, Wetzel (1980:346) selected the specimen ZMUC L-33 as the lectotype of Xenurus squamicaudis Lund, 1845b.
Type locality. Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Wetzel et al. (2008) further restricted to “Rio das Velhas Floddal”, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Diagnosis. C. squamicaudis is easily differentiated from other Cabassous species by its cephalic shield composed of numerous and small scutes (43-75) that extends toward the cheek region. The ears are rounded, overall dark with smooth (Figure 7b) or irregular edges. The carapace is uniformly yellowish brown to brownish, with 12–13 movable bands. The lateral of the body and limbs are hairy. The venter is overall dark with some individuals showing whitish spots. Tail has few scutes sparsely distributed and shows a pale tip in few individuals (~5%). The skull shows a marked lateral constriction at the maxilla level.
Geographic distribution. Cabassous squamicaudis occurs in Cerrado of San Pedro and Amambay departments, northern Paraguay (Smith et al. 2011), open areas of southern Bolivia (Maffei 2006), and in central Brazil. The specimen examined by Wetzel (1980:348) from Junin, Peru housed at BMNH [catalog number not informed] could not be located; only two Dasypus skulls are available from Junin (R. P. Miguez, pers. Comm.). The specimens from Bolivia listed by Wetzel (1980:348) and Anderson (1997:177) are in fact C. unicinctus. Nevertheless, its presence in the open areas of Bolivia was confirmed by Maffei (2006) based on an individual recorded in Santa Cruz department, in a Chiquitano transitional forest. In Brazil, this species has a wide distribution in Cerrado, with numerous records in Mato Grosso state. It is also commonly reported in Pantanal in Mato Grosso do Sul state (Wetzel 1985; Tomas et al. 2009; Desbiez et al. 2018).
Cabassous squamicaudis inhabits open areas such as Cerrado stricto sensus physiognomy and it seems tolerant to disturbed areas of cultivated pastures. This species has been recorded in closer contact with C. unicinctus in transition zones with the Amazonian forest in the states of Mato Grosso (Anacleto et al. 2013).
Remarks. Xenurus squamicaudis was described as an extinct species by Lund (1845b) based on fossil material collected in the caves of Lagoa Santa, but Wetzel treated it as the same small living Cabassous taxon present in Minas Gerais.
The karyotype described by Pereira-Júnior et al. (2009) –diploid chromosome number (2n) = 46–refers to Cabassous squamicaudis. Interestingly, this chromosome number is distinct to C. centralis (2n=62), C. chacoensis (2n=48, Luaces et al. 2010) and C. tatouay (2n=50). The karyotype of C. unicinctus has not yet been described.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Scientific name authorship
- Lund
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Order
- Cingulata
- Family
- Dasypodidae
- Genus
- Cabassous
- Species
- squamicaudis
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- holotype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845) sec. Feijó & Anacleto, 2021
References
- Lund, P. W. (1845 a) Conspectum Dasypodum. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. Naturvidenskabelige og Mathematiske Afhandlinger, 4 (11), lxxxii - lxxxvi.
- Wied-Neuwied, M. P. (1826) Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien. Verzeichniss der Amphibien, Saugthier und Vogel, welch auf einer Reise zwischen dem 13 ten und dem 23 sten Grade sudlicher Breite im ostlichen Brasilien beobachtet wur- den. II. Abtheilung. Mammalia. Saugthiere. Gr. H. S. priv. Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar, 622 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48512
- Olfers, I. von (1818) Bemerkungen zu Illiger's Ueberblick der Saugthiere, nach ihrer Vertheilung uber die Welttheile, rucksichtlich der Sudamericanischen Arten (Species). In: Eschwege, W. L. (Ed.), Journal von Brasilien oder vermischte nachrichten aus Brasilien, auf wisenschaftlichen Reisen gesammelt. Verlage des Gr. H. S. Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar, pp. 192 - 237.
- Illiger, J. K. W. (1815) Ueberblick der Saugthiere nach ihrer Vertheilung iiber die Welttheile. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1804 - 1811, 39 - 159.
- Lund, P. W. (1843) Conspectum Dasypodum. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. Naturvidenskabelige og Mathematiske Afdelinger, 1843, 1 - 6. [preprint of Lund, 1845 a]
- Lund, P. W. (1845 b) Meddelelse af det Udbytte de I 1844 undersogte Knoglehuler have afgivet til Kundskaben om Brasiliens Dyreverdenforsidste Jordomvaeltning; I et brev. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. Naturvidenskabelige og Mathematiske Afhandlinger, 5, 36 pp. [preprint of Lund, 1846].
- Wetzel, R. M., Gardner, A. L., Redford, K. H. & Eisenberg, J. F. (2008) Order Cingulata. In: Gardner, A. L. (Ed.), Mammals of South America. Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews and Bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 128 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.7208 / chicago / 9780226282428.001.0001
- Burmeister, H. (1854) Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens, welche wahrend einer Reise durch die Provinzen von Rio de Janeiro und Minas Geraes gesammelt oder beobachtet wurden von Dr. Hermann Burmeister. Saugethiere (Mammalia). Vol. 1. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 342 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13607
- Wagner, J. A. (1855) Die Saugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen von Dr. Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber. Supplementband. Funfte Abtheilung: Die Affen, Zahnlucker, Beutelthiere, Hufthiere, Insektenfresser und Handflugler. Supplementband 5. T. O. Weigel, Leipzig, 810 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 67399
- Gray, J. E. (1865) Revision of the genera and species of entomophagous Edentata, founded on the examination of the specimens in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1865, 359 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1865. tb 02351. x
- Fitzinger, L. J. (1871) Die naturliche Familie der Gurtelthiere (Dasypodes). I. Abtheilung. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 64, 209 - 276.
- Gray, J. E. (1873) Hand-list of the edentate, thick-skinned and ruminant mammals in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 176 pp.
- Trouessart, E. L. (1898) s. n. In: Catalogus Mammalium tam Viventium quam Fossilium. Vol. 2. Fasciculus V. Sirenia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Allotheria, Monotremata. R. Friedla ¨ nder & Sohn, Berolini [Berlin], pp. 999 - 1264. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 130824
- Miller Jr., G. S. (1899) Notes on the naked-tailed armadillos. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 13, 1 - 8.
- Palmer, T. S. (1899) Notes on Tatoua and other genera of edentates. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 13, 71 - 73.
- Trouessart, E. L. (1905) s. n. In: Catalogus Mammalium tam Viventium quam Fossilium. Quinquennale supplementium (1899 - 1904). Vol. 2. Fasciculus IV. Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Allotheria, Monotremata. R. Friedla ¨ nder & Sohn, Berolini, pp. 753 - 929. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61820
- Cabrera, A. (1917) Mamiferos del viaje al Pacifico verificado de 1862 - 1865 por una comision de naturalistas enviada por el gobierno espanol. Trabajos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Serie Zoologica, 31, 1 - 62.
- Talmage, R. V. & Buchanan, G. D. (1954) The armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). A review of its natural history, ecology, anatomy and reproductive physiology. Rice Institute Pamphlet, Monograph in Biology, 41 (2), 1 - 135.
- Paula-Couto, C. (1950) Memorias sobre a paleontologia brasileira, de Peter Wilhelm Lund, revistas e comentadas por Carlos de Paula Couto. Couto. Instituto Nacional do Livro, Rio de Janeiro, 591 pp.
- Wetzel, R. M. (1980) Revision of the naked-tailed armadillos, genus Cabassous McMurtrie. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 49, 323 - 357.
- Smith, P. R., Owen, D., Atkinson, K., Castillo, H. & Northcote-Smith, E. (2011) First records of the Southern naked-tailed armadillo Cabassous unicinctus (Cingulata: Dasypodidae) in Paraguay. Edentata, 12, 53 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5537 / 020.012.0108
- Maffei, I. (2006) Extension of the distribution of Cabassous unicinctus in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Edentata, 7, 53 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1896 / 1413 - 4411.7.1.53
- Anderson, S. (1997) Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 231, 1 - 652.
- Wetzel, R. M. (1985) Taxonomy and distribution of armadillos, Dasypodidae. In: Montgomery, G. G. (Ed.), The evolution and ecology of armadillos, sloths, and vermilinguas. The Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 23 - 48.
- Tomas, W. M., Camilo, A. R., Campos, Z., Chiaravallotti, R. M., Lacerda, A. C. R., Borges, P. A. L., Medri, I. M., Nunes, A. P., Tomas, M. A., Goulart, C. S., Borghezan, H., Lopes, V. A. & Aragona, M. (2009) Ocorre ˆ ncia de tatu-de-rabo-mole, Cabassous unicinctus (Cingulata, Dasypodidae) no Pantanal, Brasil. Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, 87, 1 - 19.
- Desbiez, A. L. J., Massocato, G. F., Kluyber, D. & Santos, R. C. F. (2018) Unraveling the cryptic life of the southern naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous unicinctus squamicaudis (Lund, 1845), in a Neotropical wetland: home range, activity pattern, burrow use and reproductive behaviour. Mammalian Biology, 91, 95 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. mambio. 2018.02.006
- Anacleto, T. C. S., Godoy, L. P. & Pukenis, D. T. (2013) New records of the southern naked-tailed armadillo Cabassous unicinctus unicinctus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cingulata: Dasypodidae) in Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 13 (2), 293 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032013000200028
- Pereira-Junior, H. R. J., Santiloni, V., Rosa, P. S., Mota, L. S. L. S. & Jorge, W. (2009) The karyotype of Cabassous unicinctus (Dasypodidae, Xenarthra). Caryologia, 62 (1), 24 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00087114.2004.10589662
- Luaces, J. P., Rossi, L. F., Castillo, L. R. & Merani, M. S. (2010) Citogenetica de Cabassous chacoensis, Wetzel, 1980. In: Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamiferos - SAREM (Ed.), XXIII Jornadas Argentinas de Mastozoologiia. Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahia Blanca, pp. 77.