The new genus Cercomacroides comprises nigrescens, laeta, parkeri, tyrannina, and serva. In the concatenated tree, all internal nodes within Cercomacroides received high posterior probability support, but low or no ML bootstrap support (Fig. 3). An incongruent signal between the mitochondrial and nuclear markers was uncovered in this group, and the concatenated tree was biased toward the FIB5 signal (see discussion above and Figs 3–5). The main difference between these two topologies is regarding the identity of the taxon sister to the rest of the group: nigrescens in the mtDNA tree, and laeta in the FIB5 tree (Fig. 5). Both major data sets supported a close relationship between serva and tyrannina (although support in the mitochondrial tree was low; Fig. 4A), which was not expected due to the great plumage similarity between tyrannina and parkeri (Graves, 1997). Overall similarities in male and female vocalizations (based on the analysis of vocalizations from Isler & Whitney, 2002) and plumage coloration (Graves, 1997; Zimmer & Isler, 2003) suggest that parkeri is closer to tyrannina and serva than to laeta or nigrescens, but do not provide clear evidence for the phylogenetic placement of laeta and nigrescens. Full resolution of the internal relationships within Cercomacroides may require the addition of more nuclear markers.