Published March 24, 2021 | Version v1
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How pulse disturbances shape size-abundance pyramids

  • 1. University of Zurich

Description

Ecological pyramids represent the distribution of abundance and biomass of living organisms across body-sizes. Our understanding of their expected shape relies on the assumption of invariant steady-state conditions. However, most of the world's ecosystems experience disturbances that keep them far from such a steady state. Here, using the allometric scaling between population growth rate and body-size, we predict the response of size-abundance pyramids within a trophic guild to any combination of disturbance frequency and intensity affecting all species in a similar way. We show that disturbances narrow the base of size-abundance pyramids, lower their height and decrease total community biomass in a nonlinear way. An experimental test using microbial communities demonstrates that the model captures well the effect of disturbances on empirical pyramids. Overall, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally how disturbances that are not size-selective can nonetheless have disproportionate impacts on large species.

Notes

Experimental data and Rmarkdown code

Size_Abundance_Pyramid_Disturbances.Rmd : main file to produce the figures of the manuscript. Open it with statistical software R. To run it entirely, you will need the following R-packages: 'Rcpp', 'RcppGSL', 'Rmisc' and 'sciplot'. You will also need the Rdata files provided along with this code in the same repository to produce the experimental figure. The C++ code is necessary to produce the simulations with variable disturbances (figure S6) and with the predator-prey dynamics (figures S9-S11). In addition, be aware that some parts of the code are extremly long to run (notably 1.5 hours for Figure 6c and 6.5 hours for Figure S6). We therefore provide some text files with pre-run simulation data which are necessary to keep in the same folder to run the whole code in a few minutes. All files were created using R version 3.5.1 (2018-07-02).

Size_Abundance_Pyramid_Disturbances.html : html file produced by the above Rmarkdown file.

microcosms.RData : experimental data file: information and average biomass (columns) for the 128 microcosms (rows).

N_temp_mean.Rdata : experimental data file: abundance temporal mean of the 128 microcosms (rows) in 12 size classes (columns).

size_classes.Rdata : experimental data file: size classes (length = 12). Body sizes are centers of classes.

treatments.RData : experimental data: factorial design of the experiment (treatments and controls).

dyn_disturbance_GSL.cpp : C++ code to produce the simulations with variable disturbances (section 5 of the Rmarkdown file and figure S6) and with the predator-prey dynamics (section 7 of the Rmarkdown file and figures S9-S11).

VariaDisturbance.txt : text file with pre-run simulation data.

bioI.txt : text file with pre-run simulation data.

bioF.txt : text file with pre-run simulation data.

FreqIntSize_Fig6c.txt : text file with pre-run simulation data.

Funding provided by: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711
Award Number: PP00P3_179089

Funding provided by: University of Zurich Research Priority Program "URPP Global Change and Biodiversity"
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006447
Award Number:

Funding provided by: Universität Zürich
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006447
Award Number:

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