127. Ixodes lividus Koch, 1844a.

A Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Passeriformes: Hirundinidae; adults and larvae have been collected from Coraciiformes: Alcedinidae; larvae and nymphs have been recovered from Coraciiformes: Meropidae, and Passeriformes: Paridae and Passeridae (Guglielmone et al. 2014, Nováková et al. 2018). There are no records of Ixodes lividus causing human parasitism.

M: Schulze and Schlottke (1929b), under the name Ixodes plumbeus obotriticus, a synonym of Ixodes lividus

F: Leach (1815), under the name Ixodes plumbeus, preoccupied and renamed as Ixodes lividus by Koch (1844a) N: Schulze and Schlottke (1929b), under the name Ixodes plumbeus obotriticus

L: Filippova (1958), under the name Ixodes plumbeus

Redescriptions

M: Emchuk (1960), Arthur (1963), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Filippova (1977), Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Cordas et al. (1993), Siuda (1993), Hillyard (1996), Slovák (2010), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017)

F: Emchuk (1960), Arthur (1963), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Filippova (1977), Yamaguti and Kitaoka (1980), Yamaguti (1981), Cordas et al. (1993), Siuda (1993), Hillyard (1996), Slovák (2010), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017)

N: Emchuk (1960), Arthur (1963), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Filippova (1977), Cordas et al. (1993), Manilla and Iori (1993), Siuda (1993), Slovak (2014), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017)

L: Emchuk (1960), Arthur (1963), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Yamaguti et al. (1971), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Filippova (1977), Manilla and Iori (1992), Márquez et al. (1992), Cordas et al. (1993), Slovak (2014), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017)

Note: there are several redescriptions of Ixodes lividus under the name Ixodes plumbeus or under the genus Pholeoixodes that are not included in the lists above. See also Ixodes canisuga for its confusion with Ixodes lividus.