111. Ixodes kaiseri Arthur, 1957c.

A Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages have been found on Carnivora: Canidae, Felidae and Mustelidae, and Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae; adults alone have been recovered from Rodentia: Sciuridae; adults and nymphs have been collected from Carnivora: Hyaenidae, and Rodentia: Hystricidae; larvae and nymphs have been collected from Rodentia: Cricetidae (Guglielmone et al. 2014, Dilbaryan & Hovhannisyan 2016, Zhao et al. 2019). There are no records of Ixodes kaiseri causing human parasitism.

M: Arthur (1960b)

F: Arthur (1957c)

N: Arthur (1960b)

L: Filippova and Uspenskaya (1973)

Redescriptions

M: Arthur (1965), Sonenshine et al. (1969), Filippova and Uspenskaya (1973), Filippova (1977), Siuda (1993)

F: Arthur (1965), Sonenshine et al. (1969), Filippova and Uspenskaya (1973), Filippova (1977), Siuda (1993), Hornok et al. (2017a)

N: Arthur (1965), Sonenshine et al. (1969), Filippova and Uspenskaya (1973), Filippova (1977), Siuda (1993)

L: Sonenshine et al. (1969), Filippova (1977), Márquez et al. (1992), Siuda (1993)

Note: Sonenshine et al. (1969), in their redescription of Ixodes crenulatus, state that Ixodes kaiseri is a synonym of that species, an opinion that is soundly rejected by Filippova and Uspenskaya (1973), who state that Ixodes kaiseri has been confused with Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes crenulatus and Ixodes hexagonus. Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) found no reliable characters for separating nymphs and larvae of Ixodes kaiseri from the same stages of morphologically similar species occurring in Europe and North Africa. Redescriptions of Ixodes kaiseri under the genus Pholeoixodes are not included in the above lists.