Proceedings of the International Naval Engineering Conference & Exhibition (INEC)
Published October 5, 2020 | Version v1
Conference paper Open

Post-combustion Carbon Capture and Storage on LNG Fuelled Ships

Authors/Creators

  • 1. TNO, Leeghwaterstraat
  • 2. Conoship, Leonard Springerlaan
  • 3. MEYER WERFT GmbH & Co. KG, Industriegebiet
  • 4. Heerema Marine Contractors, Vondellaan 47, Leiden

Description

Post-combustion CO2 capture by absorption is a mature technology that has been implemented in many industrial applications to decrease CO2 emissions from large point sources. As demonstrated in this work, the CO2 capture process can be implemented onboard as a retrofit technology, thus enabling timely implementation; a key element for the maritime industry to reach 50% reduction of CO2 emissions before 2050.
The approach illustrated here discusses implementation of CO2 capture on liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuelled ships. While CO2 capture can be implemented onboard regardless of the fuel used, LNG fuelled ships offer an advantage in terms of heat integration, which leads to significant cost reduction. The heat of the exhaust gas can be used in the capture process, and the cooling capacity of the liquid LNG can be used to liquefy the produced CO2. The former eliminates the need for a heat source for CO2 capture, and the latter can decrease the compressor costs, greatly decreasing the overall cost of CO2 capture.
Two consortia (CO2ASTS and DerisCO2) have been built to explore this technological pathway further. The CO2ASTS consortium has researched implementation of CO2 capture with the mono-ethanolamine (MEA) solvent on three LNG fuelled ships: (1) 1.05 MW sea-river vessel, (2) 7.6 MW dredger vessel and (3) 36 MW cruise ship. Capture costs of 301, 115 and 154 €/ton CO2 have been found respectively, which are mainly determined by equipment costs. The DerisCO2 project is aimed at closing the knowledge gaps and proposing a strategy for lowering the CO2 avoidance costs. This is done by optimizing the solvent system and evaluating the effect of ship movement on the capture efficiency. A high pressure CO2 stripping concept is proposed using aqueous ammonia (NH3) as capture solvent to further decrease the equipment costs. While this work is ongoing, the next step for this technology – prototyping on board – is currently discussed.
Next to CO2 capture, attention has to be given to methane slip from LNG engines, as this could limit the positive climate effects of mitigating CO2 emissions. From a gas treatment perspective, (catalytic) methane oxidation technologies could convert the methane to CO2 and could therefore be implemented together with CO2 capture downstream. Future projects on CO2 capture on LNG fuelled

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