Trogaspidia mackieae (Cockerell, 1928)

(Fig. 13)

Mutilla mackieae Cockerell, 1928: 597, ♂ ♀, holotype, ♂ (Nan River, Cajun, Siam [Nan Province, Thailand]) [USNM].

Trogaspidia mackieae: Lelej 2005: 97; Pagliano et al. 2020: 285.

Trogaspidia pacifica Tsuneki, 1972, syn. nov.: 10, ♂, holotype ♂ (Chihpenchi, Taitung, Formosa [= Taiwan]) [USNM]; Lelej 2005; 98; Pagliano et al. 2020: 288.

Trogaspidia wilsoni: Williams et al. 2019a: 43, ♀, in part, examined.

Diagnosis. MALE. F1 cylindrical, ~ 2 × longer than pedicel. Metacoxa flattened with dense erect pale microsetae (Fig. 7H). Penis valves strongly asymmetrical (Figs 13 E–G). FEMALE. Mesosoma ferruginous-red; humeral carina weakly developed, providing rounded humeral angle (Fig. 13B). T2 pale setal spots large, distance between spots slightly less than spot diameter (Fig. 13B); T3–4 with pale setal band (Fig. 13B); pygidial plate flattened, longitudinally striate anteriorly and micro-reticulate on posterior 1/5 (Fig. 13I).

Material examined. 17♂ 24♀. China: YUNNAN: 1♀, Yuanjiang, 400 m, 23.III.1955, O. Kryzhanovskij [ZMMU]; 2♀, Nanji River, 200 m, 10, 12.VI.1956, D. Panfilov [ZMMU]; 1♂, 30 km SW Jinpin, 370 m, 22.IV.1956, Huang Ke-ren et al. [ZMMU]; 2♂ 1♀, same place, 400 m, 28.IV.1956, Huang Ke-ren et al. [ZMMU]; 1♀, same place, 340–400 m, 22.V.1956, D. Panfilov [ZMMU]; 1♂, "1260 B" [South Yunnan, V–VI.1956, D. Panfilov] [ZMMU]; 1♀, "1271 Б" [South Yunnan, V–VI.1956, D. Panfilov] [ZMMU]; 1♂, "1020 A" [South Yunnan, V–VI.1956, D. Panfilov] [ZMMU]; 1♂, Xiaomonyang, 940 m, 5.V.1957, Liu Da-hua [ZMMU]; 1♂, Ganglangba, 650 m, 20.III.1957, Zang Ling-chao [ZMMU]; 1♂, same place, 18.III.1957, Liang Qiu-zhen [ZMMU]; 1♂, Cheli, 500 m, 8.IV.1955, V. Popov [ZMMU]; 2♀, same place, 500 m, 8.IV.1955, Xue Yu-feng [ZMMU]; 1♀, same place, 550 m, 6.IV.1957, D. Panfilov [ZMMU]; 2♀, Cheli, bank of Mekong River, 550 m, 22.IV.1957, D. Panfilov [ZMMU]; 5♀, same place, 24.IV.1957, D. Panfilov [ZMMU]. Thailand: CHAIYAPHUM: 1♂, Pa Hin Ngam National Park, ecotone between mix deciduous and dipterocarp forest, 15°38.132’N 101°23.922’E, 698 m, MT, 7–13.II.2007, K. Sa-Nog and B. Adnadai [QSBG]; CHIANG MAI: 2♂, Chiang Khan, 17°52’N 101°36’E, 17.VII.1986, R. Hensen [RMNH]; 1♂, Mae Rim, Mae Sa, 400–500 m alt., 16.V.2002, T. Ishizaki leg. [TUA]; 1♂ 2♀, same place, 26.V.2002, T. Ishizaki leg. [TUA]; KANCHANABURI: 1♂, Kanchanaburi, 12.IV.1989, W.J. Pulawski [CASC]; 4♀, Thong Pha Phum, Vimarndin farm stay, 14.656°N 98.521°E, 200 m, 17–18.V.2018, K.A. Williams, K. Yah, R. Malee, and N. Thaochan [CSCA]; LOEI: 2♀, Waranya Resort, Phu Ruea district, 17.460°N 101.355°E, 650 m, K.A. Williams, K. Yah, R. Malee, and N. Thaochan [CSCA]. Vietnam: HANOI: 1♂, Tu Lien, 13.XII.2015, P.H. Phaum [CASC]; SON LA: 1♂, Son La, 3–15.V.1986, A. Gorochov [IBSS].

Distribution. China *: Taiwan, Yunnan (Tsuneki 1972). Thailand: Chaiyaphum *, Chiang Mai *, Kanchanaburi *, Loei *, Nan (Cockerell 1928). Vietnam *: Hanoi, Son La.

Remarks. Photos of the holotype of T. pacifica are available from the “Integrated insect types database of Taiwanese species” (http://twinsecttype.nmns.edu.tw/, accessed 21 August 2020). They perfectly match the type of T. mackieae from USNM, allowing us to synonymize T. pacifica with T. mackieae.

The male of this species is similar to that of Eotrogaspidia in having the clypeus concave, the metacoxa flattened and clothed with dense erect microsetae ventrally, and the digitus small, but differs by having F1 cylindrical, 2 × longer than pedicel and the right penis valve with an inner projection (Fig. 13E), whereas Eotrogaspidia males have F1 compressed, 3 × longer than pedicel and the penis valves simple and weakly asymmetrical. The female of T. mackieae has the pygidial plate striate (Fig. 13I), like most T rogaspidia females. We retain this species in Trogaspidia, but the male is included in the key below because it is easily confused with Eotrogaspidia. Originally, the female was associated with the male holotype by Cockerell (1928), though this description was inadequate for reliable identification. Later, based on overlapping distribution and preliminary DNA analysis of specimens collected in Thailand, KAW confirmed Cockerell’s (1928) association and was able to examine additional diagnostic features. Finally, ASL examined a long series of females of T. mackieae collected along with males in Yunnan (China).

When Trogaspidia wilsoni Williams, 2019 was described, some females were discussed that apparently belonged to T. wilsoni but differed in pronotal morphology. For this reason, they were not included in the paratype series of T. wilsoni. These females are here recognized as belonging to T. mackieae, not T. wilsoni. Females of T. wilsoni differ from T. mackieae by having the humeral angle sharp (weakly rounded in T. mackieae) and the pygidial apex usually smooth (pygidial apex micro-reticulate in T. mackieae).