Arion incommodus Hutton, Dunedin, Purchased 1879
Description
Arion incommodus Hutton, 1879
Hutton, 1879. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 11 (1878): 331.
Type material. Syntypes (58), OMNZ IV5715 (in alcohol), and syntype (1), NHMUK 1886.11.18.25 (in alcohol). The molluscan collection at CMNZ has a radula and shell fragment mounted on glass slides with the label details ‘ Arion fuscus, Dunedin, XIV p. 154’, in Hutton’s handwriting (i.e., CMNZ 2017.17.50–2017.17.51), which are probably primary type material of Arion incommodus Hutton, 1879 (see radula description by Hutton 1882h: 154– 155).
Label details. OMNZ IV5715—‘ A. incommodus, = Arion subfusca Hutton, Dunedin (in Hutton’s handwriting)’.
NHMUK molluscan register details. 1886.11.18.25—‘ Arion incommodus Hutton, Dunedin, Purchased of the Commission for the New Zealand, Indian and Colonial Exhibition 1886’.
Type locality. ‘Dunedin, not uncommon in gardens etc.’ (Hutton 1879: 331).
Previous illustrations of type material. Hutton (1882h: pl. 3, figs. K, R—as Arion fuscus; radula and jaw ‘from a Dunedin specimen’).
Remarks. The original label of the type material of Arion incommodus at OMNZ has been lost or destroyed, but transcribed details indicate that this material was collected and identified by Hutton himself. A specimen of A. incommodus that was mentioned by Cockerell (1891b: 221) as being “in the British Museum from Dunedin (Otago Univ. Mus.)” is possibly a syntype (NHMUK 1886.11.18.25). It was evidently sent to London as an exhibit in the Colonial and Indian Exhibition of 1886 and was subsequently purchased by the British Museum. Barker (1979: 418, 1999: 47) was apparently unaware of the type material of A. incommodus in OMNZ and referred to the NHMUK material as a “type specimen (?)”, and a “probable holotype ”, respectively. There has been confusion over the identity of Arion incommodus. Its distribution was initially listed as New Zealand only (Hutton 1879: 331, 1880: 26), but it was subsequently treated as a junior synonym of the European species Arion fuscus (Müller, 1774) (e.g., Hutton 1882h: 154, 1884c: 212; Simroth 1889: 65; Musson 1891: 890) and Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) (e.g., Cockerell 1891b: 221; Suter 1892b: 280, 1913: 1072; Cockerell & Collinge 1893: 190, Hedley & Suter 1893: 665; Thomson 1922: 263). Barker (1979: 418, 1999: 45, 47) examined the specimen of A. incommodus at NHMUK and noted that it appeared to be a junior synonym of Arion hortensis Férussac, 1819. Hutton’s (1879) description was the first record of this taxon from New Zealand. Barker (1982: 178, 1999: 46, 47, map 5) noted that A. hortensis was present in a wide range of modified habitats throughout the North and South islands but was less common in the southern South Island. Arion hortensis is native to northwestern Europe, and has been introduced to New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, North America, Madeira, St Helena and Sri Lanka (Winter 1984: 9; Barker 1999:46; Herbert 2010; Welter-Schultes, 2012: 476).
Current taxonomy. A subjective junior synonym of Arion hortensis Férussac, 1819 — Barker (1982: 178, 1999: 98).
Family MILACIDAE Ellis, 1926
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Scientific name authorship
- Hutton, Dunedin, Purchased
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Mollusca
- Order
- Stylommatophora
- Family
- Arionidae
- Genus
- Arion
- Species
- incommodus
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Arion incommodus Hutton, 1879 sec. Brook, Kennedy, King, Ridden, Shaw & Spencer, 2020
References
- Hutton, F. W. (1882 h) Notes on some pulmonate Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 14, 150 - 158. [May]
- Cockerell, T. D. A. (1891 b) On the geographical distribution of slugs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 59 (2), 214 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1891. tb 01744. x
- Barker, G. M. (1979) The introduced slugs of New Zealand (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 6 (3), 411 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1979.10428382
- Barker, G. M. (1999) Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Fauna of New Zealand 38. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, 254 pp.
- Hutton, F. W. (1884 c) Revision of the land Mollusca of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 186 - 212. [May]
- Simroth, H. (1889) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Nacktschnecken. Nova acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum, 54, 1 - 91.
- Musson, C. T. (1891) On the naturalised forms of land and fresh-water Mollusca in Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 15, 883 - 896. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18668
- Suter, H. (1892 b) List of the introduced land and fresh-water Mollusca of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 24, 279 - 281.
- Suter, H. (1913) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp.
- Cockerell, T. D. A. & Collinge, W. E. (1893) A checklist of the slugs. The Conchologist, 2, 168 - 176 + 185 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10454
- Hedley, C. & Suter, H. (1893) Reference list of the land and freshwater Mollusca of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 7, 613 - 665. [May]
- Thomson, G. M. (1922) The Naturalisation of Animals and Plants in New Zealand. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, x + 607 pp.
- Barker, G. M. (1982) Notes on the introduced terrestrial Pulmonata (Gastropoda: Mollusca) of New Zealand. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 48, 174 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. mollus. a 065634
- Winter, A. J. (1984) The Arion hortensis complex (Pulmonata: Arionidae): Designation of types, descriptions, and distributional patterns, with special reference to the Netherlands. Zoologische Mededelingen, 59, 1 - 17.
- Herbert, D. G. (2010) The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series 15. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 108 pp.
- Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European Non-Marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification: Bestimmungsbuch fur europaische Land-und Susswassermollusken. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 760 pp.