Key A. Aphids on spruce (Picea)

Synopsis

A1 (A2) Dichotomous key to galls on Picea ........................................................................p. 5

A2 (A1) Aphids on Picea ......................................................................................................A3

A3 (A15) On aerial parts of Picea ...........................................................................................A4

A4 (A11) Siphunculi absent; adults with sclerotised ovipositor. Apterae less than 1.2 mm, antennae at most 3-segmented ...................................... Adelgidae Annand, 1928 A5

A5 (A6) Abdomen (all morphs) with 4 pairs of evident spiracles (on abd. 2–5). Gall (when present) with interconnected chambers ............................. Pineus Shimer, 1869: p. 6

A6 (A5) Abdomen (all morphs) with 5 pairs of evident spiracles (on abd. 2–6). Gall with separate chambers ...................................................................................................A7

A7 (A8) Wax glands of overwintering larvae with thin-walled facets secreting solid wax filaments; galls without protruding needles, hair or waxy bloom ................................ ............... Adelges (Aphrastasia) Börner, 1909 and A. (Dreyfusia) Börner, 1908) p. 8

A8 (A7) Wax glands of overwintering larvae with double-walled facets secreting glossy, stiff, straight or curved tubes of wax; galls usually with protruding needles and hairs or waxy bloom .............................................................................................................A9

A9 (A10) Overwintering larvae (where known): dorsal sclerites bearing single larger wax pores ringed by small glands of irregular shape. Al. gallicola: ant. IV and V often with broad, indistinct basal articulation ...................... Adelges (Adelges) Vallot, 1836 p. 9

A10 (A9) Overwintering larvae: dorsal sclerites with groups of similar-sized ring-like wax pores. Al. gallicola with basal articulation of ant. IV and V narrower ......................... ................... Adelges (Gilletteella Börner, 1930 and Sacciphantes Curtis, 1844) p. 11

A11 (A4) Siphunculi present; adults without sclerotised ovipositor. Apterae rarely less than 1.2 mm; antennae at least 4-segmented ..................... Aphididae Latreille, 1802 A12

A12 (A13 A14) Siphunculi elongate, tubular .................. Elatobium Mordvilko, 1914, Aulacorthum Mordvilko, 1914, Neomyzus van der Goot, 1915 and Aphis Linnaeus, 1758 p. 12

A13 (A12 A14) Siphunculi present as pores not raised from body surface ........................................... .......................................................................................... Mindarus Koch, 1857 p. 14

A14 (A12 A13) Siphunculi present as large pores elevated on obtuse cones ........................................ .............................................................................................. Cinara Curtis, 1835 p. 14

A15 (A3) Aphids on roots of Picea ....................................................................................... A16

A16 (A17) Apterae 2–6 mm, with brown, green or blackish colours; siphunculi present as pores elevated on cones. On thick roots, usually ant-attended ............................................... ............................................................................................. Cinara Curtis, 1835 p. 17

A17 (A16) Apterae 0.5–2 mm, whitish, pale green or yellowish, exuding abundant white wax wool; siphunculi absent. On thin mycorrhizal root ends, not attended by ants ........... ............................................................................. Eriosomatinae Kirkaldy, 1905 p. 17