Thresholds for ecological responses to global change do not emerge from empirical data

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"Thresholds for ecological responses to global change do not emerge from empirical data"

Authors: Helmut Hillebrand^1,2,3*, Ian Donohue⁴, W. Stanley Harpole^5,6,7, Dorothee Hodapp^2,3, Michal Kucera⁸ , Aleksandra M. Lewandowska⁹, Julian Merder¹⁰, Jose M.Montoya¹¹, Jan A. Freund¹²

 Affiliations:

¹Plankton Ecology Lab, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.

²Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg [HIFMB], Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, 26129 Oldenburg.

³Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven,Germany.

⁴School of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2,Ireland.

⁵Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.

⁶German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

⁷Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany.

⁹Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland.

¹⁰Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.

¹¹Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Empirical Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France. 

¹²Theoretical Physics / Complex Systems, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.                                                                               

 *Correspondence to: helmut.hillebrand@uni-oldenburg.de