Modern acrylic paints probed by optical coherence tomography and infrared reflectography

Contemporary art is particularly delicate as the synthetic materials used for their realization are of poorer
quality and durability than the traditional materials. It follows that the contemporary artworks often require
imminent restorations as well as in-depth analytical studies of the constituting materials. The non-invasiveness
of the scientific methods is a key issue in the diagnostics of contemporary art because it minimizes the
need of sampling. In this respect, the potential of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging to probe the
internal structure of the commercial acrylic paint layers, as a function of their thickness, was investigated and
compared with that of the near infrared (NIR) reflectography. In support of these measurements, micro-profilometry,
an interferometric technique with micrometric depth resolution, was used to measure the paint layer
thicknesses. We show that for some painted materials there is a limited possibility to visualize the underdrawings,
when investigated by both OCT and NIR reflectography. This is owed to either the absorption of the
illumination wavelength by the paint layer (Cobalt-based paints) or the multiple photon scattering effect (presence
of TiO²).