Graves' ophthalmopathy – thyroid eye disease

Siedlecka Dagna, Micał Wojciech, Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa, Nazzal Rashed. Graves’ ophthalmopathy – thyroid eye disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(8):795-800. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3407993

http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7271

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Received: 05.07.2019. Revised: 25.07.2019. Accepted: 17.08.2019.

Graves’ ophthalmopathy – thyroid eye disease

Siedlecka Dagna^1,3, Micał Wojciech², Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa¹, Nazzal Rashed Mustafa³

^1. Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland

^2. 1^st Department of Medical Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland

^3. Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland

Key words: Thyroid eye disease; Graves’ ophthalmopathy; Graves’ orbitopathy

ABSTRACT

Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder that affects thyroid. It is caused by antibody, named thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TIS) that acts like thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), resulting in thyroid hormone overproduction – condition called hyperthyroidism. TSH receptors are located on thyroid cells, but also on ocular fibroblasts – that’s why Graves’ disease can result in ocular manifestations also known as Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). Typically patients with hyperthyroidism are affected by ophthalmopathy, but it can occur in hypothyroid or euthyroid patients as well. It is estimated that 20-35% of patients with Graves' disease develop thyroid eye disease. In most cases symptoms are mild and do not require specialist treatment. Decision about therapy should be made considering severity of the disease and it is influence on quality of life.