Data Visualizations
EDUCATION SPENDING
The first several charts are a general look at education, healthcare, and military spending over time. Due to a lack of recent education figures, the first chart displays data from 2011-2015. The USA has led the pack for all 5 years, with 2015 spending at $469 billion. After removing our outlier from the data, it is clearly shown that Japan comes in second (despite decreasing every year) with $60 billion. Germany, Canada, and France round out the top five.
HEALTHCARE SPENDING
Upon looking at healthcare spending (from 2014-2018), we see a similar trend. The United States is once again miles ahead of second place, with 2018 spending of $3.471 trillion compared to Japan's $542 billion. Without the USA, the chart shows that the remaining countries belong in the $20-550 billion range. Unfortunately, 2017 and 2018 data was not available for a handful of countries, but one can easily see that China spends a significant amount of money on healthcare as well.
MILITARY SPENDING
Military spending has two big players, with the USA and China spending significantly more than their peers with no signs of slowing down. Both countries have an increase in spending from 2014 to 2018, with the USA now at $648 billion and China at $249 billion. None of the remaining countries spent more than $70 billion in 2018, with Saudi Arabia, India, and France at the remaining spots in the top five.
SPENDING DATA COMPARED TO COUNTRY GDP
This visualization looks at education, healthcare, and military spending as a percentage of country GDP. The green line represents the average percentage for each country. Here we can see that most if not all countries in the G20 prioritize healthcare expenditures over education and military expenses. Russia has an interesting breakout, with its military percentage(4.87%) just under healthcare(5.29%).
EDUCATION AND HEALTHCARE DATA COMPARED TO MILITARY SPENDING
When comparing healthcare and military spending, every single nation spent more on healthcare, which was also shown in the previous chart. Japan, Germany, and France had particularly large differences, with all three spending at least $220 more on healthcare than military expenses. Education spending, however, was a mixed bag, with some countries spending more and others spending less than on their militaries. The USA was left out here as it was (no surprises) an outlier.
PER CAPITA COMPARISON - 2015 EDUCATION AND GDP
The next few bubble charts compare Education, Healthcare, and Military Spending per capita with GDP per capita. In addition, for informational purposes the color of the bubbles denotes the country's continent, while the size of each bubble demonstrates the country's population. With regards to Education Spending, the country's in the chart follow a fairly straight line, signifying that as education spending per capita increases, so too does GDP per capita.The USA, Australia, and Canada tend to spend more, while Russia, Brazil, Mexico, and Turkey spend less per person.
PER CAPITA COMPARISON - 2018 HEALTHCARE AND GDP
Similar to education spending per capita, healthcare spending per capita also has a positive linear relationship with GDP per capita, which makes sense intuitively. The United States spends drastically more than every country, which has been a common trend in almost every visualization. Mexico and Turkey are at the other end of the spectrum, with relatively low per capita figures. Interestingly, the European nations are located quite close to one another on the chart.
PER CAPITA COMPARISON - 2018 MILITARY AND GDP
When comparing Military and GDP per capita, what sticks out initially is the presence of two outliers: the USA and Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia has the largest Military Spending per capita of all countries in the chart at $2,004.59, while their GDP per capita is just $23,219.13, which is in the middle of the pack. The USA as we expect has large figures across the board. Upon taking those outliers out of the equation, we can see more clearly that India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Mexico have lower Military Spending per capita than their peers, while Australia tends to be close to the top for all of these bubble charts. Lastly, looking at continents European countries tend to spend more than Asian nations.
EDUCATION SPENDING OVER TIME
Change in Education Spending from 2011-2015 (Billions)
Change in Education Spending from 2011-2015 (Percent Change)
The maps above demonstrate how education expenditures have changed over time for select G20 countries. The USA had the largest absolute increase, with education spending increasing by $43 billion from 2011 to 2015. Meanwhile, Japan's education expenses decreased by $32 billion during that span. From a percent change perspective, Australia takes the top spot with a 20.46% increase over 5 years. In contrast, Russia decreased their education spending by 40.90%.
HEALTHCARE SPENDING OVER TIME
Change in Healthcare Spending from 2014-2018 (Billions)
Change in Healthcare Spending from 2014-2018 (Percent Change)
From 2014 to 2018, the United States managed to increase their healthcare spending by $589 billion. On the other end of the spectrum, the United Kingdom decreased their spending, but by just $20 billion. South Korea leads the group of nations in percent change, with healthcare expenses increasing by 36.29% in the last five years. Meawhile, Turkey decreased their spending by 21.25%.