Human pancreatic afferent and efferent nerves: mapping and 3-D illustration of exocrine, endocrine, and adipose innervation

Supplemental Video Legends

Supplemental Video 1 (related to Figure 2)

Human pancreatic substance P⁺ sensory (afferent) nerves.

Left (still image): projection of pancreatic innervation at the acinar-islet boundary. Blue: glucagon (islet). Green: neuroendocrine marker PGP9.5 (nerve and islet). Red: substance P (SP, sensory nerve). Sensory nerves appear as yellow fibers (overlap of red SP and green PGP9.5 signals). Broken arrow: enlarged area (right panel).

Right: in-depth recording of peri-ductal sensory nerves. Sensory nerves (yellow) are around the islet but not penetrating into the core. White: nuclei. Note that a portion of islet cells are SP dim.

Supplemental Video 2 (related to Figure 2 and Supporting Fig. 1)

Mapping and detection of substance P⁺ sensory neuron in duct lesion formation.  

Left (still image): tissue map of human pancreas distal to ductal adenocarcinoma. Acinar atrophy is apparent in this condition. Markers: nuclei, white; PGP9.5, green; substance P (SP), red. Broken arrow: intra-pancreatic ganglion (right panel).

Right: in-depth recording of SP⁺ sensory neuron in ganglion. The nucleus (00:04) and the SP⁺ varicosities are prominently seen. The latter contacts the surrounding SP^- neurons.

Supplemental Video 3 (related to Figure 3)

Mouse pancreatic substance P⁺ sensory (afferent) nerves.

Left (still image): projection of pancreatic sensory innervation. In mice, the SP⁺ sensory nerves follow the arteriole to the islet mantle and penetrating into the core (enlarged in right panel). Markers: blood vessels, blue; PGP9.5, green; substance P (SP), red.

Right: in-depth recording of sensory innervation of islet. Unlike the human pancreatic sensory innervation, the mouse SP⁺ sensory nerves (varicosities) are inside the islet and associate with the peri-islet ganglion. White: nuclear staining and tissue autofluorescence.