Coupled Effects of Temperature, Wind Speed, and Humidity on the Electrification of Wind-Blown Sand

This dataset contains the primary field measurement and reanalysis data used to support the findings of the associated study. All files are provided in their original resolution, as described below.

Field site information:
The observation site was located at the edge of the Tengger Desert in Minqin County, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, China (102.92°E, 38.62°N). Missing values in the original records are not included in the provided data files.

Data files:

"charge.xlsx": This Excel workbook contains field-measured charge data of wind-blown sand collected during multiple dust events from March 23 to April 11, 2025. Each sheet is labeled by date and corresponds to a separate observation day. The data typically include a timestamp column and corresponding charge measurements (unit: nC). Adjacent columns with calculated differential values represent the charge change between successive time steps. Empty cells indicate missing or invalid measurements.

"met_1m_wind_temp.xlsx": This dataset contains wind speed and temperature observations from March 1 to April 30, 2025 (China Standard Time, UTC+8), with a temporal resolution of 1 minute. The dataset includes three columns: TIMESTAMP, temperature (PTemp, in °C), and wind speed at 1-meter height (WS_1m, in m/s). The data is stored in .xlsx format and can be opened directly with Microsoft Excel or open-source spreadsheet software. 

"tower_3_obs.zip": This file contains the raw surface electric field data recorded by a field mill at an outlying observation tower. Each CSV file corresponds to one day of measurement and is named in the format “YYYY.MM.DD.csv”. 
The data columns are defined as follows:

Column	Description
ID	Sequential record number (auto-incremented)
StationID	Station identifier (0 = main station)
DateTime	Timestamp in local time (UTC+8), format HH:MM:SS
Ele	Measured electric field strength (unit: kV/m)
RateEle	Instantaneous rate of change of the electric field (dE/dt, unit: kV/m/s)
TEMP	Temperature (unused in this file, all zeros)
PassGain	Pass gain (unused in this file, all zeros)
Vol	Voltage (unused in this file, all zeros)
MotorSign	Motor signal (unused in this file, all zeros)
Frequency	Frequency (unused in this file, all zeros)
Note: The file includes all available raw data as recorded, with no missing values removed. The temporal resolution is 1 second.

"march_rh.nc": This dataset is an ensemble forecast/reanalysis gridded dataset provided by ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts), covering the period from March 22 to March 31, 2025, with a temporal resolution of 1 hour. The spatial domain spans 100.0°E–110.0°E in longitude and 35.0°N–45.0°N in latitude, with a horizontal resolution of 0.1°×0.1°, resulting in a grid of 101×101 points and 240 time steps. Data variables include 2-meter temperature (t2m) and 2-meter dewpoint temperature (d2m), both in Kelvin (K). The data is stored in NetCDF (.nc) format.

"april_rh.nc": This dataset is an ensemble forecast/reanalysis gridded dataset provided by ECMWF (European Centre for Medium‑Range Weather Forecasts), covering the period from April 3 to April 9, 2025, with a 1‑hour temporal resolution. The spatial domain spans 100.0°E–110.0°E in longitude and 35.0°N–45.0°N in latitude, with a horizontal resolution of 0.1°×0.1°, resulting in a grid of 101×101 points. Data variables include 2‑meter temperature (t2m) and 2‑meter dewpoint temperature (d2m), both in Kelvin (K).The data is stored in NetCDF (.nc) format.

"march_pressure.nc": This dataset is an ensemble forecast/reanalysis gridded dataset provided by ECMWF (European Centre for Medium‑Range Weather Forecasts), covering the period from March 22 to March 31, 2025, with a 1‑hour temporal resolution. The spatial domain spans 100.0°E–110.0°E in longitude and 35.0°N–45.0°N in latitude, with a horizontal resolution of 0.25°×0.25°, resulting in a grid of 41×41 points. The data variable is surface pressure (sp), in Pa (Pascal). The data is stored in NetCDF (.nc) format.

"april_pressure.nc": This dataset is an ensemble forecast/reanalysis gridded dataset provided by ECMWF (European Centre for Medium‑Range Weather Forecasts), covering the period from April 3 to April 9, 2025, with a 1‑hour temporal resolution. The spatial domain spans 100.0°E–110.0°E in longitude and 35.0°N–45.0°N in latitude, with a horizontal resolution of 0.25°×0.25°, resulting in a grid of 41×41 points. The data variable is surface pressure (sp), in Pa (Pascal). The data is stored in NetCDF (.nc) format.

Data usage notes :

ECMWF (NC) data are in UTC; all other data are in UTC+8 (Beijing Time).

NetCDF (.nc) files can be read with standard Python libraries (e.g., xarray, netCDF4) or MATLAB.

For questions regarding data processing, please contact the corresponding author.

Version update note (v2):
This revised version is prepared for the resubmission of the GRL manuscript.
1. All filenames have been renamed to English.
2. The observations on April 8 in charge.xlsx have been corrected.