Published November 10, 2026
| Version v1
Hierarchical Control of Battery-Integrated Wave Energy Converter Arrays for Simultaneous Energy Maximization and Voltage Regulation
Authors/Creators
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1.
Lehigh University
Description
Wave energy offers significant potential as a renewable energy resource; however, the stochastic nature of ocean waves and the oscillatory nature of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) introduce substantial variability into generated power. Integrating marine energy systems into electrical grids and coastal microgrids, therefore, presents challenges related to power quality, voltage stability, and reliable energy delivery1. While existing WEC control strategies typically focus on devicelevel energy maximization or grid-side power smoothing and storage dispatch, the simultaneous coordination of both objectives remains largely unexplored.