Experimental Investigation of Monotonic Axial Capacity of the Retrievable Ocean Petal Anchor (ROPA) for Supporting Marine Renewable Energy Devices

The development of renewable energy from marine environments has emerged as a significant area of research and technological advancement, driven by the need to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, mitigate carbon emissions, and meet increasing global energy demands. Offshore renewable energy (ORE) systems, including wave and tidal technologies, whether floating or bottom-fixed, require reliable foundation and anchoring solutions capable of withstanding both operational and extreme loading conditions. As the ORE sector continues to expand, there is a growing demand for high-performance anchoring systems that enhance both the economic feasibility and structural reliability of these deployments.