Slimming the fossil mammoth: financing defossilisation, from supply chains to end uses (Fossil Carbon Notebooks, Notebook 9)
Description
Slimming the fossil mammoth: financing defossilisation, from supply chains to end uses. Fossil Carbon Notebooks, Notebook 9. Working version 0.9
This notebook quantifies, item by item, what defossilising the economy requires, and shows how to finance it within the Geological Net Zero Pact. The pact aims to return to the subsurface, step by step, as much fossil carbon as is extracted. Producers and sellers of fossil carbon would be responsible for the carbon they extract and place on the market, including what they consume themselves.
The notebook starts from 36.15 GtCO₂ of fossil emissions in 2024 (EDGAR) and divides them into five intervention families:
- distributed generation;
- transport;
- peaking plants;
- internal operations of the fossil fuel industries;
- power, heat and industry.
For each item, a simple model separates the emissions that can be avoided from those that can be captured on the remaining flows. Across three scenarios, avoidance ranges from 8.9 to 20.8 GtCO₂ a year and the capture potential from 11.5 to 14.2 Gt. The central “balanced combination” scenario avoids 14.3 Gt and captures 14.2 Gt.
The engine of the system: every tonne avoided at the customer’s site is carbon not extracted, for which the producer is no longer answerable and which it does not have to return to the subsurface. Within an appropriate framework, producers will therefore have an interest in co-financing any adaptation that avoids a tonne for less than the cost of a return, around $60–150 per tonne on the first capture and storage chains.
The pact leads to three business models, aligned with the three carbon accounts of the founding article:
- Common infrastructure. A geological atlas, the characterisation of sequestration units and shared networks, financed by the Pact Fund: 110-115 billion dollars a year for an indicative levy of 3$/tCO₂ .
- The fossil obligation. It rises on a fixed timetable and is met by geological return or by co-financing customers’ energy transition.
- Removals. Durable storage of biogenic and atmospheric CO₂ in the same infrastructure, under separate accounting.
Scaling up is the main challenge. Capture and storage capacity in operation today is 50–64 MtCO₂ a year, more than two hundred times below the central capture potential. The atlas and the characterisation of storage sites must therefore be financed early.
Contents of this record: full and condensed versions, in French and English.
Status: Working version 0.9, subject to revision; version 1.0 expected in December 2026. The document sets out a proposal and orders of magnitude, with no deployment timetable; it does not constitute investment advice.
Related: GNZ Pact founding article, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24024055 · geologicalnetzero.org
Abstract (French)
Dégraisser le mammouth fossile. Financer la défossilisation, des chaînes d’approvisionnement aux usages. Cahiers du carbone fossile, cahier 9. Version de travail 0.9
Ce cahier chiffre, poste par poste, ce que la défossilisation de l’économie demande, et montre comment la financer dans le cadre du pacte de Neutralité Géologique en Carbone. Le pacte vise à restituer progressivement au sous-sol autant de carbone fossile qu’on en extrait. Les producteurs et vendeurs de carbone fossile répondraient du carbone qu’ils extraient et mettent sur le marché, y compris celui qu’ils consomment eux-mêmes.
Le cahier part de 36,15 GtCO₂ d’émissions fossiles en 2024 (EDGAR) et les répartit en cinq familles d’intervention :
- production distribuée ;
- transports ;
- centrales de pointe ;
- opérations internes des industries fossiles ;
- électricité, chaleur et industrie.
Pour chaque poste, un modèle simple distingue les émissions évitables de celles qui peuvent être captées sur les flux restants. Selon les trois scénarios, l’évitement va de 8,9 à 20,8 GtCO₂ par an et le captage potentiel de 11,5 à 14,2 Gt. Le scénario central, « combinaison équilibrée », évite 14,3 Gt et en capte 14,2.
Le moteur de l’ensemble : toute tonne évitée chez le client correspond à du carbone non extrait, dont le producteur n’a plus à répondre et qu’il n’a pas à restituer au sous-sol. Dans un cadre approprié, le producteur aura donc intérêt à cofinancer toute adaptation qui évite une tonne pour moins cher qu’une restitution, de l’ordre de 60 à 150 dollars par tonne sur les premières chaînes de captage et de stockage.
Le pacte conduit à trois modèles d’affaires, alignés sur les trois comptes carbone de l’article fondateur :
- Infrastructures communes. Un atlas géologique, la caractérisation des unités de séquestration et des réseaux partagés, financés par le Fonds du pacte : 110 à 115 milliards de dollars par an pour un prélèvement indicatif de 3 dollars par tonne.
- L’obligation fossile. Elle est croissante et datée, et se remplit par restitution géologique ou par cofinancement de la transition énergétique des clients.
- Les retraits. Stockage durable de CO₂ biogénique et atmosphérique dans les mêmes infrastructures, sous comptabilité séparée.
Le changement d’échelle reste le principal défi. Les capacités de captage et de stockage en service atteignent aujourd’hui 50 à 64 MtCO₂ par an, plus de deux cents fois moins que le potentiel de captage du scénario central. L’atlas et la caractérisation des sites de stockage doivent donc être financés tôt.
Contenu de la fiche : versions complète et condensée, en français et en anglais.
Statut : version de travail 0.9, soumise à révision ; version 1.0 prévue en décembre 2026. Le document présente une proposition et des ordres de grandeur, sans calendrier de déploiement ; il ne constitue pas un conseil en investissement.
Voir aussi : article fondateur du pacte GNZ, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24024055 · geologicalnetzero.org
Files
Notebook_09_Slimming_the_fossil_mammoth_v0.9_EN.pdf
Additional details
Additional titles
- Translated title (French)
- Dégraisser le mammouth fossile. Financer la défossilisation, des chaînes d'approvisionnement aux usages (Cahiers du carbone fossile, cahier 9)
Related works
- Is supplemented by
- Other: https://geologicalnetzero.org/ (URL)
- References
- Working paper: 10.5281/zenodo.24024055 (DOI)
- Journal article: 10.1038/s41586-024-08326-8 (DOI)
- Journal article: 10.1016/j.joule.2021.10.012 (DOI)
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