On the Fallacy of Cosmological Expansion: Gravitational Infall Dynamics, Angular Momentum Conservation, and the Elimination of the Dark Sector

The standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) relies on two unobserved components—Dark Energy (~68%) and Cold Dark Matter (~27%)—

to reconcile metric expansion equations with observational anomalies. By applying Occam’s razor, this paper shows that the expanding

balloon paradigm is an interpretive artifact. The cosmological redshift and apparent late-time acceleration are the direct kinematic

consequence of radial free fall within a macroscopic gravitational potential gradient. When multiple bodies fall toward a common

gravitational attractor from differing initial elevations, differential acceleration naturally induces mutual longitudinal separation (redshift)

entirely fueled by gravitational potential energy, strictly preserving energy conservation without invoking dark energy. Simultaneously, the

flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies are explained without non-baryonic dark matter halos: an open galactic disk undergoing free fall

through a convergent gravitational gradient experiences tidal radial compression. By the conservation of angular momentum (the figure

skater effect), this inward radial contraction forces outer stars to accelerate tangentially. Furthermore, this dynamic infall framework

inherently resolves the Hubble tension, the bulk flow cosmic dipole, and the anomalously massive early galaxies recently observed by the

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).