人类认知本质属性反思——实体本体论困境与道式认知路径之尝试 Reflection on the Essential Attributes of Human Cognition: The Dilemma of Substance Ontology and an Attempt at a Daoist Cognitive Path

Abstract:Cognitive research has long lacked a unified definition, the root of which lies in the shared presupposition of substance ontology across all major schools. This paper introduces the Dao paradigm as a breakthrough, reinterpreting cognition within this framework in terms of its origin, starting point, static structure, operational order, overarching principle, and purpose. On this basis, it offers an integrated understanding of disciplinary knowledge systems and a presuppositional reflection on major disciplinary domains. The core conclusion is: unless the substance-ontological presupposition is broken, the fundamental problems of cognition and philosophy cannot be resolved within existing frameworks; the Dao paradigm offers a path beyond this presupposition, distinct from contemporary mainstream approaches.