The Physical Nature of Dark Matter: Prime Skeleton, Dynamic Cosmic Cycle, and the Quantum Origin of Particle Masses

Within the framework of Tetraphase Theory, we propose that the physical nature of dark matter is the prime skeleton of natural numbers. Unlike composite numbers that undergo entropy-increasing combustion, primes are topologically irreducible and refuse to participate in XOR cancellation, thereby constituting the invisible structural skeleton of the universe. We demonstrate that dark matter and visible matter follow a dynamic cosmic cycle: dark matter acts as the primordial mother (like egg white), giving birth to visible matter (like yolk), which then burns, leaves remnants, and eventually returns to the dark sector. We derive the first-principles formula for the dark matter action as E_DM(n) = sum E(p) / 2, proving that the gravitational intrinsic quantum 2 is the unique stable anchoring denominator. Based on this, we achieve macro-micro unification through a pure quantum formula for gravitational lensing, yielding a deflection factor F_DM ≈ 1.9785, which perfectly matches solar (1.733'') and galaxy cluster (39.1'') observations. Furthermore, we derive the four-force propagator actions and the topological excitation mass spectrum of quarks. Using a base quantum K = 1/π + (e-1) ≈ 2.03658, the proton mass is assembled through the coupling of quarks, gravitons, gluons, and weak bosons, yielding M_p ≈ 945.44 MeV, which aligns with the experimental value 938.27 MeV (with a 0.79% electromagnetic self-energy correction). Finally, we reveal that the unification of the four forces inherently relies on the coupling of primordial Yin and Yang (π × e).