Mirny's cosmodynamics. The lower threshold of azimuthal coherence of disk galaxies: blind test against empty sky, blended twins, and point sources.

We introduce the permutation metric for the azimuthal coherence of extended
astronomical objects: the fraction of rings in which the dominant azimuthal
Fourier mode exceeds the 95% percentile of a distribution obtained by random mixing
of the residues. The metric is calibrated independently at two zero levels: 40
empty DSS sky fields and the "twin" objects of each target (zero of first kind,
radial profile preserved, azimuthal ordering destroyed).

On the combined sample of 118 bright sources, including 109 spiral galaxies with inclinations i < 65° and 5 S0 galaxies, as well as 8 elliptical galaxies, the lower limit for the coherence distribution, or "wall", was recorded. No source fell below the 10% percentile of empty sky. (0 out of 109 galaxies; binomial p=1.0x-05, MWU p=6.6x-13) The wall was replicated three times: in the raw data after a general geometrical correction, and in independent datasets. Key control: 15 bright point sources with saturated cores and diffraction patterns were statistically indistinguishable from the empty sky (P=0.17).

Spirals are considerably taller than stars, with a median height of 0.58 compared to 0.40 (MWU p = 1.9e-05), thus indicating...

Distinguishing extended sources from the instrument's base highlights an extended structure rather than brightness or image anomalies.