Vacuum Superfluid Vortices: A Cross-Scale Unification Framework for Fundamental Physics

Version 6.4 Summary of Changes:
The theoretical framework, core formulas, and the theory’s associated predictions remain unchanged; the foundational first-principles postulates are streamlined, with energy conservation revised from a foundational premise to a derived corollary; qualitative interpretations of the twin paradox, grandfather paradox, and Olbers' paradox are incorporated; and a layered explanation of the measurement covariance underlying the constancy of light speed is supplemented.

Abstract

Abstract Against core bottlenecks in modern physics—including the quantum mechanics‑general relativity schism, lack of empirical support for dark matter/energy hypotheses, non‑falsifiability of mainstream unified field theories, and absence of first‑principles interpretations for mass and fundamental constants—this paper breaks from the traditional frameworks of geometric spacetime, point‑particle models, and gauge theory paradigms, and develops a cross‑scale unification paradigm grounded in the Planck‑scale vacuum superfluid. This work establishes the core ontological view that spacetime, matter, and fundamental interactions share a common vacuum origin, and demonstrates that the vacuum behaves as a zero‑viscosity, highly elastic superfluid medium at the Planck scale: all cosmic physical phenomena emerge from elastic deformations and vortex self‑organization of this medium.

A single primordial postulate of global vacuum connectivity‑closure is adopted; global energy conservation and dynamic‑static pressure complementarity are derived corollaries. A multi‑layer dynamic‑static pressure equilibrium framework is constructed to clarify the domain of applicability of diverse mechanical relations. Classical hydrodynamic laws (e.g., Kelvin's Circulation Theorem, Bernoulli's Principle) are no longer treated as exogenous axiomatic preconditions, but strictly derived as secondary topological consequences of the vacuum medium. Adopting relativistic fluid dynamics and linear elasticity as exclusive first‑principles criteria, this research achieves a fully self‑consistent unification of microscopic quantum rules, macroscopic relativistic effects, and cosmic evolutionary dynamics.

This paper identifies elastic repulsion between Planck‑scale micro‑elements as the only primordial fundamental interaction in nature, with all four fundamental forces being scale‑dependent topological derivatives of this primordial force. It derives the origin of inertial mass and the mass‑energy equivalence relation from fluid elastic dynamics, uncovers the geometric‑topological essence of the fine‑structure constant, and resolves long‑standing microscopic puzzles including quark confinement and matter‑antimatter asymmetry. The deterministic underlying mechanisms of relativistic and quantum phenomena are reconstructed: spacetime curvature is redefined as the density and pressure gradient of the vacuum superfluid, which fundamentally bridges the divide between quantum stochastic emergent phenomena and classical deterministic dynamics, and naturally resolves the vacuum energy divergence paradox via this medium‑centric ontology.

At the cosmological scale, this theory accounts self‑consistently for galactic flat rotation curves, galaxy cluster mass discrepancies (the "missing mass" problem), and large‑scale cosmic filament structures—without invoking auxiliary assumptions of dark matter, dark energy, or cosmic singularities. This parameter‑minimal, mathematically self‑consistent unified framework offers a novel deterministic theoretical pathway for the fundamental unification of physics.