Purpose, Pretext and Politics: Public Purpose, Discrimination and Motive in the Law of Expropriation

Chapter 8 of 20 — part of a research treatise in public international law by S.S.Bukhari (The Scholarly Nexus, October 2026), examining ICJ jurisdiction and procedure, expropriation and investment protection, targeted sanctions, the law of the sea, refugee protection, and the formation of customary international law.

Libya's retaliatory nationalisation of BP and the cumulative BP v. Libya holding: a public-purpose condition universally recited but never decisive alone, whose real work is compelling articulation, fixing the State to its reasons, and measuring nexus and excess.

Also published on The Scholarly Nexus: https://the-scholarly-nexus.odoo.com/scholarly-literature