How Close Is Close Enough? Direct Connection and Jurisdiction over Counterclaims before the International Court of Justice

Chapter 4 of 20 — part of a research treatise in public international law by S.S.Bukhari (The Scholarly Nexus, October 2026), examining ICJ jurisdiction and procedure, expropriation and investment protection, targeted sanctions, the law of the sea, refugee protection, and the formation of customary international law.

Italy's Counterclaim Against Germany Dismissed Ratione Temporis in Jurisdictional Immunities left the direct-connection question unanswered; this article examines the two cumulative conditions and undefined test of Article 80 of the Rules.

Also published on The Scholarly Nexus: https://the-scholarly-nexus.odoo.com/scholarly-literature