Emergence of 1PN kinematics and relativistic optics via phase space thermodynamics in flat spacetime

This paper demonstrates the analytical derivation of the exact 1PN Keplerian anomalies
(42.98”/cy for Mercury) and relativistic optics (Shapiro delay, 1.75” deflection) in a
flat spacetime framework. By strictly applying macroscopic vacuum thermodynamics and
defining absolute energy as the gravitational charge, the model reproduces the predictions of
General Relativity without utilizing metric tensors or free parameters, while preserving the
universality of free fall.