量子消费理论:从相位认知视角重新理解消费决策(Quantum Consumption Theory: Reinterpreting Consumption Decisions from the Perspective of Phase Cognition)
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摘 要:新古典消费理论以一维实数效用为基石,在偏好固定、评价唯一、决策确定的假定下建立了跨期最优与一般均衡体系,但偏好反转、消费过度敏感、过度平滑以及无外生冲击下的内生波动四类异象持续挑战其核心推论;已有修正或依赖流动性约束、预防性储蓄等外生摩擦,或依赖损失厌恶、参照依赖等特设心理假设,长期碎片化、难以统一。本文将效用评价空间由一维实数域升维至二维复数域,严格区分客观物质效用(实部)与主观认知效用(虚部),以“偏好叠加—相位干涉—观测坍缩”刻画完整决策过程,构建四公理体系,推导单期最优通解、量子跨期欧拉方程与最优消费闭式解,严格证明经典消费理论与霍尔随机游走命题是认知相位归零后的稳态特例。量子CRRA模型的解析求解与可复现数值模拟表明:在收入、价格、利率等基本面恒定的条件下,认知相位的共振、抵消与漂移即可独立驱动消费偏移,内生统一解释四类异象。本文以单一内生内核兼容新古典理性范式与行为认知范式,为行为宏观经济学重构与居民预期治理提供了新的理论范式。
关键词:量子消费;复数效用;偏好叠加;相位干涉;量子欧拉方程;消费异象
Abstract
New classical consumption theory, based on one-dimensional real-number utility, establishes an intertemporal optimization and general equilibrium system under the assumptions of fixed preferences, unique evaluations, and deterministic decision-making. However, four persistent anomalies—preference reversals, excessive consumption sensitivity, over-smoothing, and endogenous fluctuations without exogenous shocks—continually challenge its core inferences. Existing modifications either rely on external frictions such as liquidity constraints or precautionary savings, or depend on ad hoc psychological assumptions like loss aversion and reference dependence, resulting in long-term fragmentation and a lack of unification. This paper elevates the utility evaluation space from the one-dimensional real-number domain to the two-dimensional complex-number domain, strictly distinguishing objective material utility (real part) from subjective cognitive utility (imaginary part). It characterizes the complete decision-making process as "preference superposition—phase interference—observation collapse," constructs a four-axiom system, derives single-period optimal general solutions, quantum intertemporal Euler equations, and closed-form optimal consumption solutions, and rigorously proves that classical consumption theory and Hall's random walk proposition are steady-state special cases after cognitive phase zeroing. Analytical solutions of the quantum CRRA model and reproducible numerical simulations demonstrate that under constant fundamentals such as income, prices, and interest rates, cognitive phase resonance, cancellation, and drift can independently drive consumption deviations, endogenously unifying the four anomalies. By integrating a single endogenous core compatible with both neoclassical rationality and behavioral cognition paradigms, this paper provides a new theoretical framework for reconstructing behavioral macroeconomics and managing household expectations.
Keywords: quantum consumption; multiple utilities; preference superposition; phase interference; quantum Euler equation; consumption anomalies
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量子消费理论：从相位认知视角重新理解消费决策.pdf
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- Translated title
- Quantum Consumption Theory: Reinterpreting Consumption Decisions from the Perspective of Phase Cognition