Organisational Exclusion, Gender, Age and Happiness among Contract Staff in Rivers State

This study examined the relationship between organisational exclusion and happiness at work 
as well as influence of gender and age on happiness among contract staff at TotalEnergies OML 
58, Obagi, Rivers State. A descriptive survey design was adopted, using a self-report 
questionnaire comprising the Workplace Exclusion Scale (WES), the Happiness at Work Scale 
(HAWS), and sociodemographic measures. Data were collected from 117 contract staff. 
Respondents were aged 28–60 years, with a mean age of 51.89 years (SD = 9.51). Data were 
analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), descriptive statistics, 
Pearson product–moment correlation, an independent-samples t-test, and one-way analysis of 
variance. The results showed a significant positive relationship between organisational 
exclusion and happiness at work, r = .62, p < .01. Gender was also significantly associated with 
happiness, t(115) = −2.13, p < .05, while age had a significant effect, F(2, 114) = 4.26, p < .05. 
The findings highlight the importance of exclusion especially tasking workloads gender and 
age in promoting employee happiness.