Innovation of a Biodegradable Hydrogel Wound Dressing from Pectin in Stink Bean Pods Using Spent Coffee Grounds as a Co-material

This study aimed to develop a biodegradable hydrogel wound dressing using pectin extracted from stink bean pods as a structural component, utilizing spent coffee grounds as a co-material in the extraction process. The hydrogel sheet was formulated using agar, extracted pectin, aloe vera extract, and natural oil, and its physical appearance, swine blood absorption, moisture retention, and two-day area stability were evaluated and compared with a conventional adhesive bandage. The extracted pectin successfully formed a tacky, flexible hydrogel sheet capable of maintaining its structural integrity. Compared to the control bandage, the hydrogel absorbed swine blood gradually, exhibited enhanced moisture retention, and slowed fluid flow. The initial area of the hydrogel sheet was 16.00 \text{cm}^2, and the mean area after two days was 15.33 \text{cm}^2, representing a 4.19% reduction. These findings demonstrate that pectin from stink bean pods has strong potential for biodegradable hydrogel wound dressing applications, supporting agricultural waste valorization and circular economy concepts