INNOVATIVE FINANCING MECHANISMS FOR HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES PROJECTS AND THE ENHANCEMENT OF THEIR INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS

This article examines modern and innovative financing mechanisms for housing and communal services (HCS) projects in Uzbekistan, including public-private partnerships (PPPs), financing from international financial institutions, energy service company (ESCO) contracts, specialised funds, and green bonds. The study also reviews international experience in enhancing the investment attractiveness of the housing and communal services sector and identifies relevant approaches that can be adapted to the institutional and economic conditions of Uzbekistan. Based on the analysis, scientifically grounded proposals are developed to improve financing mechanisms, facilitate investment mobilisation, and further enhance the investment attractiveness and sustainable development of the sector.