DT-Based Simulation Framework based on Digital Product Service System Passport

Abstract. The transition toward Product-Service Systems (PSS) and smart PSS offers integrated, sustainable value propositions but faces challenges in systematic data integration across heterogeneous stakeholder ecosystems. While the Digital Product Passport and its evolution into Digital Product-Service Systems Passport (DPSSP) aims to consolidate lifecycle, regulatory, and circularity data, within a unified framework, operationalizing this intelligence lacks standardized modeling approaches capable of capturing the dynamic nature of PSS. Furthermore, despite the recognized potential of Digital Twins (DTs) and simulation techniques to support data-driven decisions, their methodological application in PSS remains fragmented. To address these gaps, this study proposes a novel DT-based simulation framework that integrates Multi-Agent Simulation (MAS), DPSSP data structures, and Asset Administration Shell (AAS) interoperability. By systematically integrating product-service data along the entire lifecycle—integrated through the DPSSP—and capturing complex stakeholder interactions, this unified DT-based simulation framework enables decision making throughout the entire PSS lifecycle, from design and operation to maintenance and end of life. The framework provides a risk-free environment for scenario exploration, allowing stakeholders to evaluate the implications of functional and non-functional changes.

Keywords: Simulation Framework, Multi Agent Model, Decision Making, smart Product-Service Systems, Digital Product Passport.