Comparative study of natural and synthetic indicators in acid-base titration supported by UV-Visible spectral analysis

To assess the effectiveness of natural indicators derived from Celosia cristata flowers and red dragon
fruit peel in acid–base titrations and to compare their performance with commonly used synthetic indicators in terms of
accuracy, sensitivity, and color transition.
Methodology: Petals of Celosia cristata and peels of red dragon fruit were collected and ground using a mortar and pestle.
The crushed materials were subjected to maceration for 24 hours using ethanol and acetone as solvents. The extracts were
then filtered using Whatman filter paper. The obtained filtrates were utilized as natural indicators for acid–base titrations
and stored in amber-colored bottles to prevent degradation.
Conclusion: The natural indicators exhibited titration end points comparable to those of synthetic indicators. UV–visible
spectroscopic analysis confirmed their pH-responsive behavior. Hence, these natural extracts can serve as effective, eco-
friendly alternatives to conventional synthetic indicators in acid–base titrations