A5 — Practice Across Time and in Different Forms

This research-informed conceptual synthesis examines how movement-skill practice is distributed across time and across different forms of practice. It distinguishes retention, non-use-related decline, restoration, relearning, and recalibration, and examines distributed practice, action observation, motor imagery, AO+MI, and shadow practice.

The article emphasizes that the informational opportunities provided by a practice form and its demonstrated learning effect are separate questions. It does not propose a universal practice interval, refresher schedule, or imagery dose.

This manuscript is Article 5 of the six-article series Learning and Teaching Movement Skills.