Published April 29, 2026 | Version v1

Four-move invariance of Gluck twists and standard twisted cork doubles

Authors/Creators

Description

We prove that even torus surgery along a framed compression direction is trivial relative to the complement of the compression neighborhood. For every crossing circle $C$ of a classical knot $J$, we construct such a disk for $C\times S^1$ in the Gluck manifold $\mathcal{G}_{m,n}(J)$ of the $m$-twist $n$-roll spin; its disk push-off is the preferred longitude of $C$. Together with a separate comparison of the twist parameter, this proves that, for fixed $n$, the oriented diffeomorphism type of $\mathcal{G}_{m,n}(J)$ is independent of $m$ and invariant under four-moves on $J$. Consequently, every longitudinally twisted double of Gompf's cork $C(r,s;h)$ is diffeomorphic to $S^4$ for all $r,s>0>h$ and all integer iterates, including every odd negative framing. This proves the conjecture attributed to Gompf by Tange. We also treat simultaneous meridional and longitudinal twists and the corresponding finite boundary sums. For each fixed cork, the resulting two-end decompositions of $S^4$ are classified by the absolute difference of their exponents, even when orientation reversal and exchange of sides are allowed.

Notes

The initial manuscript date, 29 April 2026, and the existing manuscript-revision date, 17 September 2026, are retained. The manuscript PDF and abstract have been replaced by the jointly corrected version. The DOI and record version are unchanged.

Files

Nifa_GT.pdf

Files (2.0 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:52f749eec4033255bb417cf1ddff2224
800.6 kB Preview Download
md5:5f377ee41806a0e046ef3f1cb6fa631a
1.2 MB Preview Download

Additional details

Related works

Dates

Updated
2026-09-17
Existing manuscript-revision date retained; initial manuscript date 29 April 2026.

References

  • [1] S. Akbulut, Homotopy 4-spheres associated to an infinite order loose cork, J. Gökova Geom. Topol. GGT 14 (2020), 104–121. Theorem 1.1 refers to arXiv:1901.08299v3, December 26, 2020.
  • [2] D. Auckly and D. Ruberman, Exotic families of embeddings, in Frontiers in geometry and topology, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math. 109, American Mathematical Society, 2024, 71–98. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:2501.12673v2.
  • [3] T. Brendle, N. Broaddus and A. Putman, The mapping class group of connect sums of 𝑆² × 𝑆¹, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 376 (2023), 2557–2572. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:2012.01529v4.
  • [4] M. K. Dąbkowski, S. Jablan, N. A. Khan and R. K. Sahi, On 4-move equivalence classes of knots and links of two components, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 20 (2011), no. 1, 47–90.
  • [5] I. Dai, A. Mallick and I. Zemke, Gompf's cork and Heegaard Floer homology, Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 2024, no. 18, 12663–12682. See also arXiv:2312.08258v2.
  • [6] A. Di Prisa and G. Framba, A new invariant of equivariant concordance and results on 2-bridge knots, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 25 (2025), 1117–1132. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:2303.08794v2.
  • [7] H. Gluck, The embedding of two-spheres in the four-sphere, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 104 (1962), 308–333.
  • [8] R. E. Gompf, More Cappell–Shaneson spheres are standard, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 10 (2010), 1665–1681. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:0908.1914v2.
  • [9] R. E. Gompf, Infinite order corks, Geom. Topol. 21 (2017), 2475–2484. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:1603.05090v3.
  • [10] R. E. Gompf, Infinite order corks via handle diagrams, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 17 (2017), no. 5, 2863–2891. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:1607.04354v3.
  • [11] C. McA. Gordon, Knots in the 4-sphere, Comment. Math. Helv. 51 (1976), 585–596.
  • [12] M. W. Hirsch, Differential topology, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 33, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1976.
  • [13] M. Hughes, S. Kim and M. Miller, Branched covers of twist-roll spun knots and turned twisted tori, arXiv:2402.11706v3, March 31, 2025.
  • [14] Z. Iwase and Y. Matsumoto, 4-dimensional surgery on a "pochette", in Proceedings of the East Asian School of Knots, Links and Related Topics, Seoul, February 16–20, 2004, 161–166. The gluing-data statement is used in the formulation of [21, Theorem 2.2].
  • [15] The Knot Atlas, entry 7₃, braid representative (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, −1, 2), consulted September 22, 2026. https://katlas.org/wiki/7_3.
  • [16] K. Larson, Surgery on tori in the 4-sphere, Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 164 (2018), 109–124. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:1502.06834v2.
  • [17] F. Laudenbach, Topologie de la dimension trois: homotopie et isotopie, Astérisque 12 (1974), 1–152.
  • [18] P. Naylor and H. Schwartz, Gluck twisting roll spun knots, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 22 (2022), 973–990. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:2009.05703v1.
  • [19] P. S. Pao, Nonlinear circle actions on the 4-sphere and twisting spun knots, Topology 17 (1978), no. 3, 291–296.
  • [20] J. H. Przytycki, On Slavik Jablan's work on 4-moves, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 25 (2016), no. 9, 1641014, 26 pp. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:1512.09162v1.
  • [21] T. Suzuki, Constructions of homotopy 4-spheres by pochette surgery, Geom. Dedicata 217 (2023), article 106. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:2205.05239v3.
  • [22] T. Suzuki and M. Tange, Pochette surgery of 4-sphere, Pacific J. Math. 324 (2023), 371–398. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:2205.06034v3.
  • [23] M. Tange, Notes on Gompf's infinite order corks, Michigan Math. J. 70 (2021), no. 1, 3–21. Numbered locators refer to arXiv:1609.04345v5.