Epistemology of Traditional Islamic Education: The Bayani Method of Shaykh Hasyim Ash'ari in the Book of Adabul Alim wal Muta'allim

Research on KH's educational thinking. Hasyim Ash'ari has so far highlighted more aspects of ethics and morality in the book Adabul Alim wal Muta'allim, while an in-depth philosophical study of the epistemological foundations that underlie all the edifices of his educational thought is still limited. In fact, the understanding of the frame of thought (bayani) used by Hasyim Asy'ari in constructing the scientific system of traditional Islamic education is the key to capturing the entirety of the educational vision that he offers. This article aims to uncover the epistemology of traditional Islamic education through the bayani method of Shaykh Hasyim Ash'ari as stated in the book Adabul Alim wal Muta'allim. This study uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach to the primary source of the book Adabul Alim wal Muta'allim as well as secondary sources in the form of journal articles, books, and related theses. The results of the study show that the epistemology of Hasyim Ash'ari's thought is colored by the approach of bayani, burhani, irfani, and authoritarianism, with the bayani method as the dominant framework that places the text (the Qur'an and hadith) as the main source of truth and law. In the book Adabul Alim wal Muta'allim, the bayani method is not only applied in the understanding of religious texts, but also becomes the basis for the ethical construction of educators and students, scientific sanad, and the balance between tafaqquh fi al-din and the formation of morals. Science and morals are placed as mutually reinforcing epistemological dimensions, while the ultimate goal of education is oriented to the benefit of the people. This article contributes to academic development by providing a comprehensive epistemological analysis framework for Hasyim Asy'ari's educational thought, as well as providing recommendations for contemporary Islamic education policies in Indonesia so as not to lose the roots of a strong scientific tradition in the midst of globalization and digitalization