COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF CHEMICAL-BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN EMERGENCIES DURING THE RECYCLING AND DISPOSAL OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

This paper proposes an approach for the comprehensive assessment of the chemical and environmental consequences of potential emergencies at facilities for the recycling and disposal of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in electric vehicles. A gas-dispersion scenario is considered based on experimental evidence that fluoride-containing gases, including hydrogen fluoride (HF), may be generated during lithium-ion battery fires. The study proposes the use of a Gaussian-type atmospheric dispersion model and an empirical model describing the relationship between toxicant concentration and soil microbiological activity. The prospects of rapid bioindication and luminescent microbial sensors within a radiation, chemical and biological (RCB) protection system are also discussed. The calculated results correspond to a representative scenario and require experimental validation before application to a real facility.