The World in Sangam Literature

The research paper titled "Ulagam" in Sangam Literature examines the foundational worldviews, ecological consciousness, and humanistic values embedded in ancient Tamil Sangam poetry. Drawing evidence from classical texts like Purananuru, Natrinai, Aingurunuru, and Kurunthogai, the study highlights the remarkable scientific awareness of early Tamils regarding solar paths and the cosmos. The author explores the inseparable bond between humans and nature, illustrating how flora and fauna were embraced as integral family members, as seen in the sisterly affection toward the Punnai tree. The paper further analyzes the ecological classification of the five landscapes (Ainthinai) and its correlation with human emotions and seasonal life. Crucial societal pillars such as the deep-rooted bounds of love, altruistic hospitality (Virunthombal), and the highest forms of unconditional friendship (Natpu) are critically evaluated alongside the transient reality of the world (Nilaiyamai). The study concludes that the Sangam worldview offers timeless insights for contemporary environmental preservation and global humanitarian unity.