Energy Storage Design Considerations for an MVDC Power System
- 1. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- 2. NAVSEA, PMS 320, Washington, D.C., US
- 3. McCoy Consulting, Box Elder, ND, USA
Description
As part of the U.S. Navy’s continued commitment to protecting U.S. interests at home and abroad, the Navy is investing in the development of new technologies that broaden U.S. warship capabilities and maintain U.S. naval superiority. In particular, NAVSEA is supporting the development of power systems technologies that help the Navy realize an all-electric warship. It is recognized that a challenge to fielding an all-electric power system architecture includes minimizing the size of energy storage systems while maintaining the response times necessary to support potential pulsed loads. This work explores the trade-off between energy storage requirements (i.e. size and weight) and performance (i.e. bandwidth and storage) in the context of a power system architecture that meets the needs of the US Navy.
To compare energy storage technologies and appropriately size them, it is necessary to specify size and weight requirements and thus consider the energy density of the technology in Wh/kg and specific power density in W/kg. The modelled time domain behaviour for different load types and control delays were used to determine technology and sizing requirements by comparing the total energy and maximum power used in the simulation to a Ragone plot. Simulation results based on operational vignettes were used to identify a range of specific power and energy densities that will meet system requirements. Potential energy storage sizing can be determined by approximating where a selected technology intersects with the energy and power requirements of the system.
Another major component necessary to determine energy storage technology is the frequency domain behaviour of the system. In this work, the energy storage control bandwidth is evaluated in simulation for different loading scenarios, and a trade-off between size/weight and response bandwidth is illustrated.
Files
INEC 2018 Paper 027 Rashkin FINAL.pdf
Files
(5.0 MB)
Name | Size | Download all |
---|---|---|
md5:9770853e67d88692338124e54395bbad
|
5.0 MB | Preview Download |
Additional details
References
- R. J. Allen, C. N. Boyer, B. M. Huhman, J. M. Neri and M. J. Veracka, "Progress Toward a Self-Contained Rapid Capacitor Charger for a Small Railgun in Burst Mode Operation at 3 RPS," Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), 2012 IEEE International, pp. 218-220, June 3-7, 2012.
- J. S. Bernardes, G. P. LaCava and M. J. Schrader, "Analysis of a Railgun Capacitor-Muzzle-Shunt Energy Recovery Scheme," Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop. Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International, pp. 347-350, June 20- July 3, 2002.
- R. H. Byrne, J. C. Neely, S. Buerger, J. T. Feddema, D. K. Novick, S. E. Rose, B. L. Spletzer, B. R. Sturgis and D. G. Wilson, "Advanced Robot Locomotion," SAND2007-1466, Albuquerque, NM, 2007.
- A.M. Cramer, X. Liu, Y. Zhang, J. D. Stevens and E. L. Zivi, "Early-stage shipboard power system simulation of operational vignettes for dependability assessment," 2015 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), Alexandria, VA, 2015, pp. 382-387.
- J. S. Chalfant and C. Chryssostomidis, "Analysis of Various All-Electric-Ship Electrical Distribution System Topologies," 2015 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies symposium, ESTS 2015, Old Town Alexandria, VA, June 21-24, 2015.
- N. Doerry, Next Generation Integrated Power System NGIPS Technology Development Roadmap, Washington, D. C. : Naval Sea Command, Ser. 05D/349, November 2007.
- S. W. Ferguson, R. Stever, A. Throop, B. Felker and R. Franklin, "MTX/ELF II microwave power measurements and calibration for the 2 GW, 140 GHz, ELF II free-electron laser," Fusion Engineering, 1989. Proceedings, IEEE Thirteenth Symposium on, vol. 1, pp. 145-148, October 2-6, 1989.
- J. Kuseian, "Naval Power Systems Technology Development Roadmap PMS 320," Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D. C., April 2013.
- J. Neely, L. Rashkin, M. Cook, D. Wilson and S. Glover, "Evaluation of Power Flow Control for an All-Electric Warship Power System with Pulsed Load Applications," in APEC 2106, Long Beach Convention & Entertainment Center, Long Beach, CA, 2016.
- C. G. Parazzoli, R. E. Rodenburg, J. B. Romero, J. L. Adamski, D. J. Pistorsei, D. R. Shoffstall and D. Quimby, "CW 100 kW radio frequency-free-electron laser design at 10 μm," Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of , vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 2605-2612, December 1991.
- R. K. Pitman, R. L. Ellis and J. S. Bernardes, "Iterative Transient Model for Railgun Electro-Mechanical Performance Optimization," 12th Symposium on Electomagnetic Launch Technology, pp. 96-99, May 25-28, 2005.
- A. Riccobono and E. Santi, "Comprehensive review of stability criteria for DC power distribution systems," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, pp. 3525-3535, 2014.
- R. D. Robinett III and D. G. Wilson, Nonlinear Power Flow Control Design: Utilizing Exergy, Entropy, Static and Dynamic Stability, and Lyapunov Analysis, London: Springer-Verlag London Ltd. , August 2011, ISBN 9780-85729-822-5.
- R.D. Robinett III and S. G. Glover, "Enabling Secure Scalable Microgrids with High Penetration Renewables," Grand Challenge, LDRD, Sandia Technical Report, SAND2011-0935P, 2011.
- J. Snoussi, S. Ben Elghali, R. Outbib and M. F. Mimouni, "Sliding Mode Control for frequency-based energy management strategy of hybrid Storage System in vehicular application," 2016 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), Anacapri, 2016, pp. 1109-1114.
- J. D. Stevens, D. F. Opila, A. M. Cramer and E. L. Zivi, "Operational Vignett-based Electric Warship Load Demand," IEEE Electric Ship Technologies symposium, ESTS 2015, Old Town Alexandria, VA, June 21-24, 2015.
- Calnetix Technologies, "VYCON Direct Connect (VDC) Kinetic Energy Storage Systems: The Optimal UPS Energy Storage Solution for Mission-Critical Power Protection," VYCON datasheet, June 2015.
- W. W. Weaver, R. Robinett III, G. Parker and D. Wilson, "Hamiltonian Modeling and Control of AC Microgrids with Spinning Machines and Inverters," International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, SPEEDAM 2016, AnaCapri, Capri Island, Italy. 2016.
- W. Weaver, R. D. Robinett III, G. G. Parker and D. G. Wilson, "Energy Storage Requirements of DC Microgrids with High Penetration Renewables Under Droop Control," International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 68, pp. 203-209, 2015.
- W. Weaver, R. Robinett III, G. Parker and D. Wilson, "Distributed Control and Energy Storage Requirements of Networked DC Microgrids," Control Engineering Practice, vol. 44, pp. 10-19, 2015.
- D. Wilson, M. A. Cook, J. Neely, S. F. Glover and L. Rashkin, "Nonlinear Power Flow Control Design for NGIPS Energy Storage Requirements, Phase I," Sandia Report SAND2016-1873, February 2016 revised.
- D. Wilson, R. Robinett III and S. Goldsmith, "Renewable Energy Microgrid Control with Energy Storage Integration," 21st SPEEDAM 2012, Sorrent, Italy, June 20-22, 2012.
- D. G. Wilson, J. Neely, M. Cook, S. Glover, J. Young and R. D. Robinett III, "Hamiltonian Control Design for DC Microgrids with Stochastic Sources and Loads with Applications," SPEEDAM 2014, Ishcia, Italy, SAND2014-15152PE, 2014.
- D.G. Wilson and R. D. Robinett III, "Computing an Operating Parameter of a Unified Power Flow Controller". United States Patent 8930034, 6 January 2015.
- D. Wilson, R. Robinett III and S. Goldsmith, "Renewable Energy Microgrid Control with Energy Storage Integration," 21st SPEEDAM 2012, Sorrent, Italy, June 20-22, 2012.
- D. Wilson, R. Robinett III, W. Weaver, R. Byrne and J. Young, "Nonlinear Power Flow Control Design of High Penetration Renewable Sources for AC Inverter Based Microgrids," in International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion. SPEEDAM 2016, AnaCapri, Capri Island, Italy, 2016.