Supplementary Material S1 for Warning-Time Inequality and Critical-Infrastructure Interdependencies in Consecutive Rasuwagadhi Flood Disasters, Nepal, 2025–2026

This record contains Supplementary Material S1 supporting the research article “Warning-Time Inequality and Critical-Infrastructure Interdependencies in Consecutive Rasuwagadhi Flood Disasters, Nepal, 2025–2026” by Prasanna Jibi Ghimire and Prerana Khatiwada.

The archive contains:

• the source-provenance registry;
• the claim-level evidence-extraction ledger;
• the reference and DOI audit;
• the official timestamps used to calculate the 2026 alert-to-arrival intervals;
• a standard-library Python reproduction script;
• unit tests for the reported calculations; and
• documentation describing the evidentiary and interpretive boundaries.

The reproduced institutional alert-to-arrival intervals are 73 minutes at Galchhi, 155 minutes at Malekhu, 225 minutes at Mugling, and 365 minutes at Devghat, calculated from the 09:15 official warning time and the location-specific arrival times reported by Nepal’s National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority.

These intervals represent documented institutional warning opportunity. They do not demonstrate individual SMS receipt, comprehension, evacuation, or protective action. No comparable official arrival timestamp was available for the immediate upstream impact corridor. Third-party source documents are not redistributed; their provenance and access links are documented in the source registry.

Evidence cutoff: 4 September 2026.