A Unified Theory of Cosmic Expansion: From Planck-Scale Annihilation to the Present Accelerating Universe

This paper demonstrates that the annihilation of Planck particles and their

antiparticles provides a unified mechanism for the entire cosmic expansion his-

tory, from inflation to the present accelerating universe. In the framework of

Non-Equilibrium Dynamics (NED), the non-equilibrium energy released by a single

Planck particle-antiparticle annihilation is E =

28

3 Mpc

2

. This energy is converted

into the unified field coupling constant D through the energy conversion coefficient

µ = 6.06 × 10−54 J, yielding an increase of ∆D = 3.01 × 1063 per annihilation.

Through the scaling relation D ∝ R2

, the cosmic radius evolves as R ∝

√

D. Dur-

ing inflation, densely packed Planck particle-antiparticle pairs undergo 3.32 × 1026

simultaneous chain-annihilations, driving the rapid increase in D. Inflation ends

when cosmic expansion dilutes the Planck particles, and lighter particle annihila-

tions (electron-positron, etc.) take over as the dominant process. These lighter

annihilations are 1023 times less efficient at increasing D, preventing further infla-

tion while sustaining the present cosmic acceleration. No separate mechanisms for

inflation or dark energy are required. Dark matter is similarly explained through

the scale-dependence of D and magnetic field effects. The entire cosmic history is

unified through the evolution of effective mass and the coupling constant D.