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Published September 17, 2026 | Version v1
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Dataset to "On the Efficiency of Biosphere–Atmosphere Ammonia Exchange Processes over a Scots Pine Forests and Its Link to Ecosystem Activity" (version 2)

Contributors

  • 1. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment

Description

Dataset Description:
This dataset contains half-hourly measurements of atmospheric ammonia ([NH₃]) concentrations and fluxes, alongside supporting meteorological data and ecosystem carbon fluxes, collected at the Loobos ICOS Class 2 ecosystem station (NL-Loo) in the Netherlands. The site is a mature Scots pine forest with deciduous undergrowth, located on sandy dunes near Kootwijk (52°09'N, 5°44'E) in nature area "de Hoge Veluwe".

Measurement Period:
2023-08-25 to 2024-09-04

NH₃ Flux and Concentrations Measurements:
[NH₃] was measured using a high-frequency HT8700E (HT) quantum cascade laser (QCL) system and at low-frequency using a miniDOAS 2.2 (mD; open-path, differential optical absorption spectroscopy). The mD served as the reference for field calibration of the HT. Ammonia fluxes were calculated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, with the HT8700E and a 3D sonic anemometer mounted at 38.2 m. Flux data were processed using EddyPro (v7.0.4), with corrections for high-frequency spectral losses and atmospheric density fluctuations. Data quality filters are included which ensure high instrumental quality, reliable turbulence (u*-thresholds), and footprint representativity. Flux gap-filling was performed using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), incorporating meteorological and biological drivers.

Additional Variables:
The dataset includes meteorological data (temperature, humidity, wind, radiation, precipitation) collected at the top of the measurement tower (38m), soil conditions (moisture), and leaf area index (LAI). Ecosystem carbon fluxes (NEE, GPP, RE) are also included. Measurements of meteorological and soil quanitites at additional levels are available at the ICOS data portal. 

Quality and Uncertainty:
Average random error in half-hourly NH₃ fluxes is 30.6%, and systematic error on annual NH₃ fluxes is 14.0% (1σ).

Applications:
The dataset is suitable for studies of NH₃ exchange in forest ecosystems, evaluation of flux models, and understanding the impact of meteorological and biological drivers on atmospheric NH₃ dynamics.

Data Format:
All data are provided as time-stamped half-hourly records in CSV format, with variable descriptions included in the README file.

This is an new version of the record https://doi.org/10.21945/f3362e42-68cb-4a2b-a5f4-0e189148af57

Files

Loobos_2023-2024_data_v2.csv

Files (21.4 MB)

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Dataset: 10.21945/f3362e42-68cb-4a2b-a5f4-0e189148af57 (DOI)
Is supplement to
Journal article: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111358 (DOI)

Dates

Accepted
2026-09-17
Accepted in the RIVM community

Software

Repository URL
https://github.com/rivm-syso/loobos2324-nh3-flux-code
Programming language
R

References

  • van der Molen, M., Barten, J., Kruijt, B., Lootens, R., Snellen, H., Zhao, H. (2025). ETC L2 ARCHIVE from Loobos, 2023-01-01–2025-10-01, ICOS RI, https://hdl.handle.net/11676/RBbGtSvPuyjgktNpRDUq5fpw
  • van der Molen, M., Barten, J., Kruijt, B., Lootens, R., Snellen, H., Zhao, H. (2026). ICOS ETC Eddy Flux Raw ASCII daily archive from Loobos, 2026-06-03, ICOS RI, https://hdl.handle.net/11676/nbqIX1yZG04fkbZkAFDVn0Rr
  • van der Molen, M., Barten, J., Kruijt, B., Lootens, R., Snellen, H., Zhao, H. (2026). ICOS ETC Storage Flux Raw ASCII from Loobos, 2026-06-03, ICOS RI, https://hdl.handle.net/11676/XUwIXSsr1zzWoyRAgt7rijCA
  • van der Molen, M., Barten, J., Kruijt, B., Lootens, R., Snellen, H., Zhao, H. (2026). ICOS ETC Bio Meteo Raw ASCII from Loobos, 2026-06-03, ICOS RI, https://hdl.handle.net/11676/4IsAQDzZE8GpFnL3ynNFGtva
  • Luchtmeetnet. (n.d.). Luchtmeetnet. Retrieved June 4, 2026, from https://www.luchtmeetnet.nl/
  • van der Molen, M., Barten, J., Kruijt, B., Lootens, R., Snellen, H., Zhao, H. (2026). ICOS ETC Bio Meteo Raw ASCII from Loobos, 2026-06-03, ICOS RI, https://hdl.handle.net/11676/d0wxrT-WEZBQca4mqqBdo31c
  • van der Molen, M., Barten, J., Kruijt, B., Lootens, R., Snellen, H., Zhao, H. (2026). ICOS ETC Bio Meteo Raw ASCII from Loobos, 2026-06-03, ICOS RI, https://hdl.handle.net/11676/yfSCHzoT8XEIbokQ09OLzXpV
  • Mauder, M., & Foken, T. (2006). Impact of post-field data processing on eddy covariance flux estimates and energy balance closure. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15(6), 597-610.
  • Melman, E.A., Wintjen, P., Zhang, Jun, Rutledge-Jonker, S., Hensen, A., Felter, Kevin M., van der Molen, M., Snellen, H., de Boer, J., Eijkelboom, M., Haaima, M., van der Hoff, R., van Mansom, H., Voorneveld, M., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Wichink Kruit, R.J., van Zanten, M.C. (2026). On the Efficiency of Biosphere–Atmosphere Ammonia Exchange Processes over a Scots Pine Forests and Its Link to Ecosystem Activity. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111358
  • Richardson, A.D., K. Hufkens, T. Milliman, D.M. Aubrecht, M. Chen, J.M. Gray, M.R. Johnston, T.F. Keenan , S.T. Klosterman, M. Kosmala, E.K. Melaas, M.A. Friedl, S. Frolking. (2018). Tracking vegetation phenology across diverse North American biomes using PhenoCam imagery. Scientific Data 5, Article number: 180028. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.28
  • Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6 (Accessed on 11-nov-2023)