Annual global cement production data

This dataset is an effort to collate annual cement production data for every country for as long a period as possible and is assembled from many sources. Prioritisation is given to national sources, whether directly from statistical offices or local cement associations or as activity data reported in official emissions reports submitted to the UNFCCC. Where official sources are not used, data are sourced from yearbooks published by the League of Nations, United Nations, and the US Geological Survey. Some data points in the USGS dataset are corrected based on either sense-checks or information from alternative sources. For data in the period 1949-1990, USGS data were obtained via back-calculation from the 2019 edition of the CDIAC-FF emissions dataset, with additional corrections.

Note that in earlier periods in some countries natural cement is included in the totals. Natural cements were made by calcining naturally occurring "cement rock", an argillaceous limestone, while artificial cements are made by combining certain proportions of limestone, clay and other raw materials.

Using available data for some former Soviet states before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Soviet states are disaggregated for all years before dissolution. Every data point in the cement production dataset has its source indicated in the accompanying source file. Blank cells should be interpreted as NODATA, not as zero. Units are thousands of metric tons (kt).

Sources (years of data in brackets):

• Global: Statistical Yearbook of the League of Nations, editions 1930-31 through 1942-44 (1923-1943)
• Global: United Nations Statistical Yearbook, 1948 (1928-1948)
• Global: USGS Minerals Yearbooks, 1932-2023 (1931-2023)
• France: "Compte rendu des travaux des ingénieurs des mines - Statistique de l’industrie minérale" (1895-1913, 1920-1932)
• Germany: Histat (1877-1919, 1921-1939)
• Norway: Jacobsen, 1997: "Cementbåtene : rederihistorie gjennom hundre år" (1894-1918)
• Norway: Statistisk sentralbyrå, 1995: "Historisk statistikk 1994" (1927-1992)
• Spain: "Estadística Minera de España" and "Estadística Minera y Metalúrgica de España" (1894-1956)
• Sweden: Statistical Yearbook (1908-1933)
• Switzerland: HSSO, "Historical Statistics of Switzerland" (1892-1913, 1928-1986)
• United Kingdom: Mineral Products Assocation
• China: China Cement Association, "China Cement Almanac 2001-2005" (1949-1997)
• China: NBS, "Main Industrial Products" (1998-2025)
• Japan: Toyo Keizai Inc, 1927: "Meiji Taisho Kokusei Soran" (1914, 1919-1925)
• Laos: National Center for Statistics: "LAOSIS" (2009-2024)
• North Korea: Park, 1999: "Colonial Industrialization and Labor in Korea: The Onoda Cement Factory" (1920-1931)
• Canada: Mineral Production of Canada, 1896-1948 (1887-1948)
• USA: USGS Minerals Yearbooks, 1888-1970 (1818-1970)
• Latin America: FICEM, "Informe Estadístico", 2013-2024 (2013-2024)
• Mexico: INEGI, 2015: "Estadísticas históricas de México 2014" (1906-1989)
• Cuba: ONEI, "Anuario Estadístico de Cuba" (2010-2024)
• Jamaica: Caribbean Cement Company, "Annual Report" 2005-2025 (1995-2025)
• Algeria: "Compte rendu des travaux des ingénieurs des mines - Statistique de l’industrie minérale" (1901-1913, 1920-1922)
• Multiple countries: Andrew, 2026: "Monthly global cement production data" (various years)
• Multiple countries: UNFCCC, submitted emissions inventories (various years)
• Global: Gilfillan & Marland, 2019: CDIAC-FF (1949-1989)