Evaluation of Clinical Profile, Laboratory Parameters, and Outcomes of Pediatric Dengue Infection: A Prospective Observational Study

Background: Dengue is a major mosquito-borne viral infection and an important cause of pediatric morbidity and hospitalization in tropical countries. Early recognition of clinical features and laboratory abnormalities is essential for timely management and prevention of severe complications.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical profile, laboratory parameters, and outcomes of pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue infection admitted to a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India, from January 2025 to January 2026. A total of 100 consecutive children aged 1 month to 18 years with laboratory-confirmed dengue infection (NS1 antigen, dengue IgM antibody, and/or RT-PCR positivity) were included. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory investigations, radiological findings, treatment details, complications, and outcomes were recorded using a structured case record form. Patients were classified according to the WHO 2009 dengue guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Among the 100 patients, 58% were males and the majority (38%) belonged to the 6–10-year age group. Fever was present in all patients, followed by vomiting (61%), headache (52%), abdominal pain (46%), myalgia (39%), and hepatomegaly (29%). According to WHO classification, 49% had dengue without warning signs, 38% had dengue with warning signs, and 13% had severe dengue. The mean platelet count was 72,400 ± 33,600/mm³, while the mean total leukocyte count was 4,650 ± 1,620/mm³, indicating thrombocytopenia and leukopenia as the predominant hematological abnormalities. Elevated AST (86.5 ± 44.3 U/L) and ALT (72.8 ± 37.1 U/L) suggested frequent hepatic involvement. NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies were positive in 71% and 82% of patients, respectively. Hepatomegaly (29%) and gallbladder wall edema (21%) were the commonest ultrasonographic findings. Intravenous fluids were administered to 88% of patients, while 14% required PICU admission. Plasma leakage (17%) and hepatitis (15%) were the most common complications. The mean duration of hospital stay was 5.2 ± 2.1 days. Overall, 97% of patients recovered, 1% were referred to a higher center, and the mortality rate was 2%.

Conclusion: Pediatric dengue predominantly affected school-aged children and was characterized by fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. Most patients recovered with timely diagnosis, careful monitoring, and appropriate supportive management based on WHO guidelines. Early identification of warning signs and prompt intervention are essential to reduce complications and improve clinical outcomes