Identification key for pupae of selected species from Alxa Plateau

1. Differentiation of urogomphi obvious, with apical morphology resembling spike-like structures measuring 1–2 mm in length (Figs 1H, 2I)................................................................................ 2

- Differentiation of urogomphi not obvious, apical morphology slightly protruding, measuring about 0.6 mm in length. (Figs 3F, 4H, 5H)......................................................................................3

2. Abdominal tergites, each anterior angle acute, protrude forward, and the body surface with bristles; anterior margin of clypeus is slightly concave, forms a triangular protrusion forward (Figs 1F, 1D)................................................................................................ Cyphogenia chinensis (Faldermann, 1835)

- Abdominal tergites at each anterior angle form a thin ossified anterior horn only anteriorly, without anterior sharp spines, body smooth and free of trichomes and bristles; anterior margin of clypeus straight (Figs 2G, 2E)........................................................................................ Anatolica mucronata Reitter, 1889

3. Lateral margin of pronotum curved backward at middle 2/3, auriculate, a shallow depression in the center, posterior margin inwardly concave................................................................................. 4

- The lateral margin of the pronotum does not have auricular curvature expansion in the middle, two shallow oval depressions on either side of the midline, railing edge protruding outward (Fig. 3D)......................................................................................... Trigonocnera pseudopimelia pseudopimelia (Reitter, 1889)

4. Abdominal tergites, each lateral margin smooth............................ Mantichorula grandis Semenow, 1893

- Abdominal tergites with small trichomes, covered with short hairs (Fig. 4 F)...... Mantichorula semenowi Reitter, 1889