Undertrial Liberty Priority System (ULPS): A Court-Operable Algorithm for Sorting and Notifying Prolonged Pre-Trial Detention Cases in Indian Courts

A research framework and open reference implementation for identifying, scoring, and notifying Indian criminal cases where an accused remains in judicial custody for prolonged periods (including thresholds of two and five years) with stagnant trial progress and/or absence of High Court or Supreme Court listing activity. Version 1.1.0 adds Quantitative Analysis: alert prevalence, custody percentiles, cohort tables, dual-signal rates, and the Liberty Backlog Index (LBI). Grounded in Article 21 jurisprudence, BNSS s.479 (successor to CrPC s.436A), Under Trial Review Committees (UTRC/NALSA), and eCourts operational realities.