At the beginning of the universe, the physical process during the early stage of matter formation and development (pair annihilation reactions within particles)

A Steady-State Field Model for Quantum Wells in a Dual-Channel Vacuum Framework at the Early Universe

At the beginning of the universe, the physical processes of matter formation and development involve annihilation reaction pairs within particles. This paper assumes that in the early quantum spacetime, there were sufficient quantum traps. When a positive-energy annihilation reaction pair is captured by a quantum trap...

A positive energy annihilation reaction pair is captured by a quantum trap, and this positive energy annihilation reaction pair is always carried out in the quantum trap without jumping out, that is, between the annihilation reaction and the annihilation pair. At the same time, a negative energy annihilation reaction pair is also captured by another quantum trap different from this quantum trap. The positive energy annihilation reaction pair is always clustered in the quantum trap, while the negative energy annihilation reaction pair is mutually exclusive and never clustered in the quantum trap. The inspiration comes from my previous article. One is that if an anti gravitational particle appears at the center of a singularity, it will diffuse into the universe and decay into a physical particle. Another article is about where antimatter went, assuming at the time that it was antimatter, where negative energy was frozen in the spacetime field. Another point to note is that currently, regardless of how long quantum spacetime has gone through, a cosmic template has been formed and formatted.

Assuming this quantum trap, an annihilation pair, in the early stages of the development of quantum spacetime in the universe, it may not be the smallest energy unit in batches, but may be of different sizes, and eventually develop into a unified smallest energy unit, no matter how long

it takes.

Here we only analyze how the quantum trap annihilation reactions of quantum spacetime at the beginning of the universe affect physical processes and certain quantitative relationships, which is just an early stage in the formation of the properties of actual particles today.

中文 英文(统一)

湮灭反应对 annihilation reaction pair

正能量湮灭对 positive-energy annihilation pair

负能量湮灭对 negative-energy annihilation pair

量子阱 quantum trap / quantum well

双通道 dual-channel

阱簇 trap cluster

相位相干 phase coherence

Keywords

· Quantum trap model; Complex steady-state field; Particle emergence mechanism; Dual-channel vacuum framework; Alternative cosmic redshift; Dark-matter-free cosmology

Introduction: Dual channel quantum well model for the formation of cosmic matter

0.1 Problem Proposal

Where does matter in the universe come from? Why do stable structures of protons, electrons, and neutrons exist instead of a chaotic mass of energy?

This article proposes a hypothesis that the formation of material structures originates from two types of energy annihilation reactions (positive energy and negative energy) in early quantum spacetime of the universe, which were captured in different quantum wells and eventually emerged as stable material structures through different aggregation behaviors.

0.2 Core Assumptions

This article assumes that in the early stages of the formation and development of the universe, there were sufficient quantum wells in quantum spacetime. Its behavior can be summarized into the following three basic assumptions:

1. A positive energy annihilation reaction pair (positive annihilation pair): Once captured by a quantum well, it will continue indefinitely in the well without escaping, and the quantum well has a natural and sustained aggregation - that is, the positive energy well will continuously attract and stack, and the(quantization) density will continue to increase.

2. A negative energy annihilation reaction pair (negative annihilation pair): captured by another quantum well. Negative energy traps repel each other, never gather, and maintain uniform distribution.

3. Non uniform origin of quantum wells: In the early stages of material development, annihilation reactions in a quantum well may not be uniform minimum energy units, but may vary in size. After an extremely long evolutionary process, it eventually developed into a unified and standardized minimum energy unit.

4. Spatiotemporal grid skeleton: The captured negative energy annihilation pairs of quantum wells do not aggregate in space, but exist in frozen, relatively fixed spatial positions, forming the spatiotemporal grid skeleton. This skeleton provides a spatial reference frame and boundary conditions for the aggregation of positive energy traps. Positive energy traps move, stack, and aggregate on or between skeletons, while negative energy traps themselves remain stationary as static backgrounds.

0.3 Inspiration sources and ideological context

The proposal of this model originates from several core intuitions that I have had for a long time, which were expressed in layman's terms in early articles:

1. Singularity anti gravity fluctuation hypothesis: If there is an anti gravity fluctuation at the center of a singularity in the universe, the resulting anti gravity particles may diffuse into space and decay into physical particles in subsequent evolution. This speculation constitutes the ideological source of the "negative energy dispersion distribution" in this model.

2. Difficulty in the loss of cosmic antimatter: Standard cosmology faces the challenge of asymmetric antimatter. One possible explanation is that antimatter (negative energy) was frozen in the spacetime field in the early universe, neither annihilating nor accumulating. This speculation constitutes the source of the idea of 'negative energy does not gather' in this model.

3. Concept of "Cosmic Template": No matter how long quantum spacetime has gone through, a fixed "cosmic template" has been formed, which means that the quantum structure in vacuum has been formatted and has regularity. This indicates that the currently observed physical constants and quantization conditions may be stable results that converged after long-term evolution in the early universe.

4. The origin of the spacetime formatting concept: Based on the idea of a 'cosmic template,' this article further assumes that the current quantum spacetime isn't a uniform, continuous void, but is a grid framework created by captured negative energy annihilation pairs forming quantum wells. This spacetime formatting is the physical basis of spacetime structure, with the gathering of positive energy wells and the formation of matter all happening within this formatted framework.

Based on the above assumptions, the material formation scenario proposed in this article is as follows:

At the beginning of the universe, positive annihilation pairs were captured by quantum wells and continued to gather, forming dense well clusters; Negative annihilation pairs are captured by another quantum well, where each well does not aggregate, remains dispersed, and forms a grid skeleton of spacetime with frozen spatial positions. The aggregation of positive energy traps (the only underlying assumption) drives the gradual emergence of material structures. The traps with positive and negative properties evolve independently and do not interfere with each other - they are only indirectly related at the macroscopic scale through gravitational effects(Exception to charge conservation).

0.5 Paper Structure

This article is divided into six chapters, gradually unfolding according to the logic of "microscopic mechanisms → mathematical modeling → particle emergence → cosmological applications":

Chapter 1: Steady State Field Equations of Dual Channel Quantum Wells

Starting from the dual channel assumption of positive and negative energy annihilation pairs, define the positive energy density field and negative energy density field , establish a coupled dynamic equation system, provide local solutions for the ground state, and analyze the two limit cases of complete isolation and weak coupling.

Chapter 2: Complete Wave Functions with Angular Momentum and Quantum Numbers

Extend scalar equations to complex field equations and introduce vector potential A to describe directionality. Separate variables in a spherical coordinate system, provide a complete wave function analytical form containing the principal quantum number n, angular quantum number l, and magnetic quantum number m, and establish quantization rules for angular momentum.

Chapter 3: Coherent Stacking of Quantum Wells and Emergence of Physical Particles

Proving that a single quantum well is not sufficient to form physical particles, proposing a coherent superposition mechanism of N quantum wells. Provide the total wave function of the superposition state, derive the phase coherence condition and normalization condition, and explain the emergence process of "multi well superposition → stable particles".

Chapter 4: Correspondence between Superimposed States and Observable Particle Attributes

Establish a quantitative relationship between the superposition parameters (N, n, l, m, δ) and mass, spin, charge, and stability. Introducing the U (1) gauge symmetry framework, the charge is defined as the conserved charge of the positive and negative channel stack weighted difference.

Chapter 5: Cosmological Applications and Verifiable Prophecies

Extending the model to the cosmological scale: modifying the Einstein field equation and introducing a dual channel energy momentum tensor Chapter 2: Complete Wave Functions with Angular Momentum and Quantum Numbers

Extend scalar equations to complex field equations and introduce vector potential A to describe directionality. Separate variables in a spherical coordinate system, provide a complete wave function analytical form containing the principal quantum number n, angular quantum number l, and magnetic quantum number m, and establish quantization rules for angular momentum.

Chapter 3: Coherent Stacking of Quantum Wells and Emergence of Physical Particles

Proving that a single quantum well is not sufficient to form physical particles, proposing a coherent superposition mechanism of N quantum wells. Provide the total wave function of the superposition state, derive the phase coherence condition and normalization condition, and explain the emergence process of "multi well superposition → stable particles".

Chapter 4: Correspondence between Superimposed States and Observable Particle Attributes

Establish a quantitative relationship between the superposition parameters (N, n, l, m, δ) and mass, spin, charge, and stability. Introducing the U (1) gauge symmetry framework, the charge is defined as the conserved charge of the positive and negative channel stack weighted difference.

Chapter 5: Cosmological Applications and Verifiable Prophecies

Extending the model to the cosmological scale: modifying the Einstein field equation and introducing a dual channel energy momentum tensor ; Propose the cumulative effect explanation of redshift and the anti gravity explanation of galaxy rotation curve; Provide four quantifiable and verifiable predictions.; Propose the cumulative effect explanation of redshift and the anti gravity explanation of galaxy rotation curve; Provide four quantifiable and verifiable predictions.

Chapter 6: Conclusion and Prospect

Summarize the core achievements of the entire text, clarify the boundaries and unresolved issues of the model (quantum well origin, charge mechanism, extension of relativity theory), and point out future research directions.

0.6 Note

The viewpoint proposed in this article that "quantum wells may vary in size in the early stages" suggests that the formation of matter in the universe is not an "instant set" process, but a process that converges to a stable quantized state after long-term optimization and evolution. This viewpoint runs through the model derivation throughout the entire text.

New annotation of the equation (supplementary explanation)

Based on the physical images added in the introduction, the following annotations need to be added to the equations in the previous chapters:

Note 1: Evolutionary meaning of stacking quantity N

The superposition quantity N (the number of quantum wells, i.e. the number of energy units per annihilation reaction pair) defined in Chapter 3 may not be a fixed integer in the early universe, but a variable that increases over time:

Among them, f (t) is the growth function of the number of wells, satisfying  f (t)=1, that is, after long-term evolution, N (t) converges to a constant N0, corresponding to a unified minimum energy unit. In the early universe, the size of traps varied, and the corresponding wave function Φ nklkmk had different energy scales.

Note 2: The "aggregation" of traps is the only fundamental assumption

The core assumption of this model is that 'positive energy quantum wells have natural aggregation properties'. This assumption is expressed in the equation as the autocatalytic term :

This is the lowest level driving force in the model and does not require further reconstruction. It is similar to the universal gravitational constant in the theory of gravity - it describes "aggregation occurring" but does not explain "why aggregation begins".

Note 3: The "isolation" mechanism of negative energy

In the equation, the non aggregation of negative energy traps is manifested in two ways:

The sign of its vector potential A is negative, resulting in a repulsive effect;

2. There is a high potential barrier between two traps, which makes it impossible for the wave function to penetrate (i.e. the coupling coefficient between the traps is set to be extremely small or zero).

Note 4: Explanation on the "Universe Template"

This article does not discuss the origin of the 'cosmic template', but rather uses it as the fundamental assumption of the model - that the vacuum quantum structure is already in a 'formatted' stable state at the time of observation. This is the same level of definition in physics as not questioning why it is the Schr ö dinger equation and not other equations - it is accepted as the starting point of theory.

A key energy threshold condition has been added to the concept of 'cosmic template':

A quantum trap captures an annihilation pair, and as long as the energy unit of this annihilation pair is less than the current lowest spectral energy emission unit, it can ensure stable operation without emitting light, that is, without energy loss

Why quantum traps can permanently bind energy without radiating provides a quantitative condition.    

1.0 Definition of Basic Concepts

This section provides strict mathematical and physical definitions for the core concepts discussed in this article to ensure consistency in subsequent derivations.

Definition 1: Quantum Trap

A quantum well is a localized potential well structure in vacuum that can capture positive/negative energy annihilation reaction pairs and keep them in a bound state. The barrier height V0 of the trap determines its binding ability to annihilate pairs.

Mathematically, a quantum well is described by a local potential function V (r), which satisfies:

 is the characteristic radius of the well, and  is the depth of the well.

Definition 2: Positive/Negative Energy Annihilation Pair

Positive energy annihilation pair: A positive energy annihilation pair captured by a quantum well, exhibiting positive mass and aggregation. Its energy density is , and it continues to aggregate inside the trap, forming a material structure.

·Negative energy annihilation pair: A negative energy annihilation pair captured by a quantum well, exhibiting negative mass and repulsion. Its energy density is , The trap remains dispersed and never gathers.

The essential difference between the two lies in the nature of the captured annihilation pair - the trap only provides confinement and does not change the inherent properties of the annihilation pair. Is the positive and negative channels isolated by a high potential barrier   and not coupled to each other?

Definition 3: Cosmic Template

The cosmic template refers to a formatted stable rule formed by the long-term evolution of quantum structures in vacuum, which specifies the basic behavior patterns of all quantum wells in the current universe.

Its core content includes:

1. Energy threshold condition: The energy unit   of the annihilation pair captured by the quantum well must be lower than the lowest spectral energy emission unit  in the current universe (i.e.  ) to ensure that the annihilation pair operates permanently and stably in the well, without emitting light or losing energy. This threshold is the result of 'cosmic template formatting'.

2. Quantization rule: The cosmic template determines the energy level structure, coupling constants, and superposition rules of the well, which converge into a unified minimum energy unit.

3. Irreversibility: Once the cosmic template is formed, it serves as a fixed background condition for subsequent material evolution and cannot be modified.

Mathematically, the energy threshold condition is expressed as:

⟹ Annihilation in trap is stable and does not emit radiation

Among them, Emin is the smallest observable energy quantum in the current universe (determined by the fine structure constant and Planck constant, , corresponding to the microwave background radiation energy scale).

Definition 4: Trap Cluster

A well cluster refers to a dense structure formed by the coherent superposition of multiple positive energy quantum wells in space. Trap clusters are the direct precursors of physical particles - under the premise of satisfying phase coherence and energy threshold conditions, trap clusters can emerge as stable physical particles.

The total wave function of the trap cluster is:

Where N is the number of stacked wells and  is the complex weight coefficient.

Definition 5: Dual Channel Vacuum Framework

The dual channel vacuum framework is the core theoretical framework of this article, and its basic content is:

· Positive channel: Dominated by positive energy wells and their accumulation effects, responsible for the formation of material structures.

· Negative channel: Dominated by negative energy wells and their repulsive effects, responsible for the formatting of space-time.

· The two channels are isolated from each other and evolve independently.

Definition 6: Phase Coherence Condition

The conditions that must be met to form a stable structure by stacking multiple quantum wells are:

=constant,

This condition ensures that the relative phase difference of the superimposed body does not change over time, thereby maintaining structural stability.

Explanation of the association between the newly added content in Section 1.0 and the concept of "Universe Template"

In the above definition, Definition 3 (Cosmic Template) is the key premise that distinguishes our model from other theories. It explains the following issues:

Answer to the Problem Universe Template

Why can quantum wells permanently bind energy without emitting radiation? Because the energy  of the annihilation pair is lower than the lowest spectral emission unit in the universe, it does not meet the conditions for luminescence

Why are physical constants the currently observed values? The universe template converges and formats in long-term evolution, and the current value is the stable output after convergence

Why were the sizes of traps different in the early days, but now they are uniform? The formatting process of the universe template standardizes all energy units into a unified minimum unit

Answer to the Problem                Universe Template

Why can quantum wells permanently bind energy without emitting radiation? Because the energy   of the annihilation pair is lower than the lowest spectral emission unit  in the universe, it does not meet the conditions for luminescence

Why are physical constants the currently observed values? The universe template converges and formats in long-term evolution, and the current value is the stable output after convergence

Why were the sizes of traps different in the early days, but now they are uniform? The formatting process of the universe template standardizes all energy units into a unified minimum unit