Assessment of Plastic Pollution and its Impact on Coastal Environment and Marine Biodiversity in the Thoothoor coastal region, Tamil Nadu, India

Plastic pollution has become a major environmental threat to coastal ecosystems, particularly in regions with intensive fishing and human activities. This study assessed the distribution, composition, and ecological impacts of plastic debris in eight coastal villages of the Thoothoor region, Tamil Nadu, India, through seasonal field surveys conducted from May 2025 to May 2026 using standardized transect and quadrat methods. A total of 365 kg of plastic waste was recorded, with Vallavilai identified as the most polluted site (23.97%), followed by Poothurai and Chinnathurai. Food wrappers, plastic fragments, and plastic bags were the dominant litter categories, while fishing ropes and nets were less abundant. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in litter composition among plastic categories (One-way ANOVA, $p \leq 0.001$). Field observations also documented an Olive Ridley Sea turtle entangled in discarded fishing gear, highlighting the ecological consequences of marine debris. The findings emphasize the need for improved waste management, regular coastal monitoring, and community-based conservation initiatives to protect marine biodiversity and coastal ecosystems.