Published August 11, 2026 | Version v1.0

When Rest Mass Is Misrepresented as a Temporal Dimension

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Relativity models spacetime as a four-dimensional manifold in which one dimension 
is assigned to time coordinates. This paper re-examines the four-dimensional 
spacetime interval formula through the fundamental decomposition  c2=v2+d2 of 
World Quantum Theory. We find that coordinate time t is not an independent physical 
dimension but rather a relabeling of the momentum component v of world quanta in 
macroscopic observation. Correspondingly, the rest mass component d is packaged as 
the proper time interval, thereby misrepresenting the mass dimension as a temporal 
effect. Our analysis demonstrates that the four-dimensional structure of relativity is 
essentially a projective packaging of the two-dimensional orthogonal 
decomposition  (v,d), with phenomena such as time dilation and mass-energy 
equivalence reducible to proportional changes between v and d. This paper reveals the 
historical origins and mathematical disguises of this misrepresentation, and argues 
that restoring the independent status of the mass dimension would simplify 
fundamental physics and eliminate spacetime singularities and imaginary-number 
difficulties. 
Keywords: World Quantum Theory; mass dimension; time dimension; 
four-dimensional spacetime; proper time; projective misrepresentation 

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