Published August 11, 2026 | Version v1
Journal article Open

THE ROLE OF CENTRAL BANKS AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITAL AGE

Description

Abstract:
Human history reflects a continuous evolution, initially slow over millennia but significantly
accelerated during the Renaissance and modern era. Geography, natural resources,
conflicts, and technological progress have shaped societies, generating both material and
spiritual achievements. The Industrial Revolution marked a turning point by replacing manual
labor with machinery, bringing comfort and prosperity, but also creating environmental
imbalances that became more evident in the 20th century. In the 21st century, climate
change and global warming represent pressing priorities on the international agenda, with
the 2015 Paris Agreement establishing ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas
emissions and fostering renewable energy development. The objective of this paper is to
analyze the strategic role of central banks and financial institutions in promoting sustainable
investments, supporting green transition policies, and enhancing public awareness regarding
climate-related risks. The methodology combines literature review with comparative analysis
of European and Romanian practices, highlighting both achievements and challenges.
Preliminary results show that green finance emerges as a fundamental driver of economic
resilience, providing tools for redirecting capital flows toward environmentally responsible
projects. Romania’s commitment to renewable energy targets illustrates the relevance of
aligning financial systems with climate objectives, contributing to a cleaner, more inclusive
and sustainable future.
Keywords: green finance, sustainable development, climate change, central banks,
renewable energy.
JEL classification: Q54, Q01, E58

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Is published in
Journal: 2537-3269 (ISSN)

Dates

Issued
2025-12-30
JFME Article pp. 106-116

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