A Checklist of the Flora and Fauna of the Bangladesh National Museum Campus, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh

This study presents a comprehensive checklist of flora and fauna recorded within the Bangladesh National Museum campus, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2025 to June 2026. A total of 150 plant species belonging to 29 orders, 52 families, and 126 genera were documented. The flora included native, ornamental, medicinal, cultivated, and exotic species, reflecting both natural and managed vegetation components of the campus. The dominant plant families were Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Apocynaceae, and Rubiaceae. The faunal survey recorded 100 species belonging to 29 orders, 47 families, and 87 genera, encompassing invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Birds represented the most species-rich faunal group, comprising 48 species belonging to 13 orders and 24 families. Passeriformes was the dominant avian order with 27 species, followed by Coraciiformes, Piciformes, Cuculiformes, Columbiformes, Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, and Psittaciformes. The predominance of Passeriformes and the presence of diverse feeding guilds indicate a high degree of adaptation to urban and semi-natural habitats. The coexistence of native and exotic species demonstrates the formation of a heterogeneous urban ecosystem influenced by both natural ecological processes and landscape management practices. The findings indicate that the museum grounds serve as a significant urban biodiversity refuge in central Dhaka, emphasizing the vital role of institutional green spaces in sustaining and conserving urban biodiversity. Long-term monitoring and appropriate habitat management are recommended to support the long-term conservation of urban flora and fauna under increasing anthropogenic pressure.